磁场对冷镱原子光钟稳定度影响的仿真分析

在光晶格钟运行时，不停起伏的杂散磁场会引入一阶塞曼频移和二阶塞曼频移，从而影响光晶格钟的频率不稳定度。此外，突变的磁场可能导致激光频率参考到钟跃迁频率的伺服闭环过程发生不可恢复的失锁，从而阻碍光钟的持续运行。在实验中，光钟进行频率闭环锁定前，通常通过控制三维线圈对光钟主腔中心原子处的杂散磁场进行补偿。首先使用三维磁强计，对真空主腔附近的磁场进行监测和记录，以分析杂散磁场对光钟性能的影响。然后利用正态分布模型和二项分布模型等，对光钟频率伺服锁定过程的阿伦偏差进行仿真拟合。在引入实际磁场监测数据的基础上，模拟光钟频率的伺服锁定过程，分析其仿真结果可以得出：减小杂散磁场起伏和控制磁场漂移，在提高冷镱原子光钟的短期稳定性和长期稳定性方面具有重要意义。     

声表面波气体检测器

本文介绍一种利用声表面波的新型气体检测器的试验结果。声表面波(SAW)压电气体检测器由制作在一块压电衬底上的SAW双延迟线组成,每一延迟线都接有一振荡器。在一根延迟线振荡器的传播路径上涂以选择性吸收薄膜,而在另一传播路径上则不涂复而用作稳定参考。由吸附在涂有薄膜的延迟线上的气体所引起的质量负载或应力效应造成的相位延迟变化,导致相对于参考振荡器的频率偏移。这种频率偏移是与气体浓度成比例的。由于SAW能集中在薄膜附近,故检测器的灵敏度很高。另外,只要给SAW压电气体检测器涂以相应的选择性薄膜,就可以检测任何气体。为了证明这一点,现已制成一个利用三乙醇胺薄膜测量空气中二氧化硫(SO_2)的检测器,并且已经证明能够检测出浓度为10×10~(-9)的二氧化硫。对灵敏度、线性、再现性、选择性和可靠性的研究,发现在大多数情况下比其它类型的气体检测器优越。本文讨论器件性能(例如选择性和随时间的稳定性)的主要缺点,以及改善的可能方法和进一步研究的方向。     

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

基于RBF神经网络的非线性观察器设计

提出了一种新的非线性观察器设计方法。与一般方法采用神经网络逼近整个非线性系统不同，该方法用RBF神经网络逼近系统的非线性项，故提高了状态估计的精度。基于李亚普诺夫方法，证明了状态估计误差渐近稳定且渐近收敛到零。仿真结果表明，所提出的非线性观察器设计方法具有良好的性能。在故障检测、状态估计等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

雷达的目标识别技术

对雷达自动目标识别技术和雷达目标识别过程进行了简要回顾。研究了相控阵雷达系统中多目标跟踪识别的重复检测问题。提出了角度相关区算法，分析了实现中的若干问题。通过在相控阵雷达地址系统中进汀的地址实验和结果分析表明，采用角度相关区算法对重复检测的回波数据进行处理时，将使识别的目标信息更精确，从而能更早地形成稳定的航迹，达到对目标的准确识别。     

使用数据表缩短有源滤波器的设计时间

使用归一化的元件数据表可以设计出低通和高通布特沃斯—汤姆逊滤波器(以下简称布—汤滤波器)。在布—汤滤波器中使用运算放大器,其增益为1或无限大。此种滤波器可高达10阶。     

在K分布杂波和高斯干扰混合杂波情况下相参雷达检测的自适应积累技术

本文讨论了存在干扰时雷达信号的检测问题。在讨论中，我们假设干扰为相参Ｋ分布杂波和高斯分布干扰的混合杂波。另外还讨论了总是出现在雷达接收机中的热噪声问题。通过适当的似然比测试门槛来确定最佳检测器。为了保证检测器未知相关干扰环境中正常工作，最佳检测器需恰当地估算干扰统计数据。二阶频谱分析不能单独估算Ｋ分布和高斯分布杂波源的相关结构。它们的单独估值只有在更高阶频域中才能获得。因此，文中提出了一种基于二阶     

基于GIS的航天器发射应急决策系统

针对航天发射的特点,将智能决策支持技术和GIS技术相结合,利用GIS可视化显示和空间分析功能,通过研究的故障状态下液体推进剂火箭爆炸模式、弹片散布模型和毒气泄漏扩散模型,实时准确地提供残片散布范围和毒气散逸浓度危害范围,直观地显示了现场态势。在构建的应急联动数据库、预案库和立体安全应急处理模型的基础上,实现了火箭飞行安全的仿真模拟和现场态势分析,利用CBR推理在预案库中查找与各决策条件最相似的预案,为应急指挥决策提供支持。     

Cardiovascular effects of simulated zero-gravity in humans

Head-down and head-up [correction of heat-up] tilted bedrest (5 degrees) and head out water immersion (HOWI) for 6 hr were compared. Parameters: Cardiac output (rebreathing method), blood pressure (arm cuff), forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography), total peripheral (TPR), and forearm vascular (FVR) resistances, Hct, Hb, relative plasma volume (PV) changes, and plasma catecholamines (single-isotope assay). During HOWI there was as expected a decrement in TPR, FVR, Mean arterial pressure (MAP, from 100 to 80 mmHg), Hct, and PV, and--as a new finding--catecholamines, which were 30-50% lower compared with both +5 and -5 degrees bedrest. During head down tilt, MAP was elevated (to 100-110 mmHg) and catecholamines did not fall, while TPR and EVR slowly decreased over 6 hr. HOWI is a stronger stimulus than -5 degrees bedrest, probably because HOWI elevates central venous pressure more markedly emptying the peripheral veins, while bedrest permits a distension of veins, which induces an increase in sympathetic nervous activity.     

Italy's contribution, from a medical standpoint, to the space safety of payload scientists, and perspectives for the future

In Italy, the selection of the Italian payload scientists has been performed according to the Spacelab Program of ESA. Twenty-four subjects underwent a screening performed by the Health Service of Italian Air Force. They were requested to pass an exercise test on treadmill and another ten-minute test on centrifuge, subject to the effect of +3 Gz. The authors briefly describe the results of the test. Noteworthy is the determination of Central Flicker Fusion Frequency. This parameter makes it possible to assess the endurance level of the subject, much earlier than other techniques (e.g. EKG). The importance of an accurate preliminary screening is emphasized as well as of successive training periods. Future studies will be undertaken to compare evoked cortical potentials with behaviour parameters of space safety, with a view to setting up a subtle tool of evaluation for both future candidates and payload scientists.