Physical simulation for low-energy astrobiology environmental scenarios

Speculations about the extent of life of independent origin and the potential for sustaining Earth-based life in subsurface environments on both Europa and Mars are of current and relevant interest. Theoretical modeling based on chemical energetics has demonstrated potential options for viable biochemical metabolism (metabolic pathways) in these types of environments. Also, similar environments on Earth show microbial activity. However, actual physical simulation testing of specific environments is required to confidently determine the interplay of various physical and chemical parameters on the viability of relevant metabolic pathways. This testing is required to determine the potential to sustain life in these environments on a specific scenario by scenario basis. This study examines the justification, design, and fabrication of, as well as the culture selection and screening for, a psychrophilic/halophilic/anaerobic digester. This digester is specifically designed to conform to physical testing needs of research relating to potential extent physical environments on Europa and other planetary bodies in the Solar System. The study is a long-term effort and is currently in an early phase, with only screening-level data at this time. Full study results will likely take an additional 2 years. However, researchers in electromagnetic biosignature and in situ instrument development should be aware of the study at this time, as they are invited to participate in planning for future applications of the digester facility.     

Study of the psychological adaptation of the crew during a 135 days space simulation

The purpose of this study is to examine human adaptation of a three members' crew during a 135 days MIR flight simulation and to compare and validate psychological methods for monitoring and support in flight. The main findings showed that isolation was not a key factor for the subjects who were more concerned by recreational activities, family, and work. The individual reactions to stress of the crew members were to project their problems on the others. These reactions had some consequences upon the group: Although the three subjects developed a weak tendency to "group think", one of the crew members was considered as less integrated to the group by the other two subjects, who, however, acted to protect (successfully) the general cohesion and mood of the crew. From a methodological point of view, baseline data predicted the difficulties that occurred for one of the crew member. Both quantitative and qualitative tools were adequate, although qualitative tests gave a closer approach to the actual situation that developed during the simulation.     

欧洲空间操作中心的精密轨道确定

目前,欧洲空间操作中心正在进行着一项需4年时间的开发计划,以支持未来的需要高精度轨道确定的ESA近地飞行任务。该工作是围绕着欧洲空间操作中心已开发的供轨道确定和误差分析用的一个软件系统进行的,该软件含有适合于各种轨道摄动和测量类型的先进模型。除了卫星轨道参数外,它还能对地球物理参数和测地参数进行估计和误差分析。     

基于高保真有限元模型失谐叶盘受迫响应的统计特性

采用极值理论分析失谐叶盘最大受迫响应的统计特性并应用于某压气机叶盘上。对失谐叶盘进行减缩建模,运用蒙特卡洛方法模拟响应计算,研究不同激励阶次下最大响应放大因子的分布特性。采用极值理论对最大响应放大因子分布进行统计学建模,以极大似然估计方法求解未知参数,进行分布拟合,并采用K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)检验方法检验各分布函数拟合的好坏程度。对某压气机叶盘进行失谐响应统计特性分析,对比了7种分布函数对最大响应放大因子的拟合效果,结果表明:极值分布、二参数威布尔分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和伽马分布拟合效果较差;常用的三参数威布尔分布不如广义极值分布的拟合效果好。因此,说明广义极值分布更能准确地描述失谐叶盘动力响应的统计特性。      

用于SAR、GMTI和海上监视的X波段宽带试验机载雷达

加拿大渥太华的防务研究和发展部门已完成了一种新型多模X波段宽带试验机载雷达（XWEAR）第一阶段的研制工作，这是对合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像、逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）、地面动目标显示（GMTI）雷达和海上监视雷达的支持研究，特别集中在对小型目标的探测和远距离的面上目标监视。特别关注的领域有：静止和运动目标的SAR成像技术、海上和陆地动目标的时间一频率分析、用于GMTI的空时自适应处理、对海面电磁后向散射特性的研究、自动目标识别和特征提取的特征产生、以及宽带系统对付电子干扰的抗干扰性分析。第一阶段是以SAR和海上监视模式的飞行试验结束的。第二阶段将进行大范围监视GMTI（WASGMTI）和综合SAR-GMTI模式的飞行试验。简述了试验雷达并介绍了它的数据采集能力。区别特征包括X波段的运行、SAR和海上监视的单通道运行以及WAS-GMTI和综合SAR-GMTI的双通道运行。该新型雷达将现有的数字扫描转换器的用途扩大为控制器，已有的商用元件有：发射机、A／D转换器和计算机电路板。定时电路、波形产生器、单通道和双通道的接收机可以按用户需要定制。     

基于在高原机场降落的喷气运输机QAR数据的飞行特性分析(英文)

Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems.Data from the quick access recorder (QAR) are first filtered through the kinematic compatibilit...     

用幅相法测量石英晶体

本文提出了有关研制自动测试系统的几个问题,该系统采用了国际电工委员会第444号公告中所推荐的传输测试法。业已证明,当试图对电阻与总并联电容的电抗之比具有很大数值(本文中定义为α)的晶体进行测量时,这种方法是失败的。本文进一步详述了全自动测试系统中电容凋零网络的使用情况。讨论了使用微处理器CPU的自动测试系统,并给出了测量数据。列出了在10兆赫到183兆赫范围内所测得的晶体的测量数据。这些测量说明在频率为1×10~(-8)量级上以及动态参数小于0.5％的标准偏差的可重复性是极好的。     

新型无电极晶体振荡器的性能

无电极(BVA)石英晶体振荡器已在法国的Besancon研制成功并由瑞士的Neuchat-el oscilloquartz S.A.进行工业化生产。这种谐振器使石英晶体振荡器的长期性能得到改善。由于允许较高的激励电平,所以也保证了较好的短期稳定度[5][6]。已经用三种不同的振荡器获得了实验结     

Volland对流电场模型的实验参数

本文将几个地面和卫星观测结果结合起来给出Volland对流电场模型的实验参数.结果能很好地与GEOS-2卫星所测得的等离子体层顶运动特征、STARE雷达测得的Harang不连续性的运动及近年来探测的磁层电离层电场相吻合.文章指出只要Volland电场模型的参数由实验确定后, 将更有助于磁层和电离层物理的研究.