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961.
A knowledge-based system for air traffic control (ATC) in terminal control regions is designed for improving service and operation. Domain knowledge is established following rules, regulations, and comments from controllers. An expert system is adopted for approach control and airport control in the terminal control region. The proposed system was implemented in PC-AT with Turbo Prolog. The air terminal control monitor was checked with regard to flight information input, real-time data refreshment, air traffic rescheduling, constraint violation double checking, emergency responses, and normal monitoring. Simulation results are given 相似文献
962.
The Heavy Ion Counter on the Galileo spacecraft will monitor energetic heavy nuclei of the elements from C to Ni, with energies from E" BORDER="0"> 6 to E" BORDER="0"> 200 MeV nucl-1. The instrument will provide measurements of trapped heavy ions in the Jovian magnetosphere, including those high-energy heavy ions with the potential for affecting the operation of the spacecraft electronic circuitry. We describe the instrument, which is a modified version of the Voyager CRS instrument. 相似文献
963.
卫星-惯性-星光最优组合导航系统在航天飞机导航中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文中对航天飞机星光-惯性导航系统进行了简要分析从最优系统组成原理、余度管理方法、系统性能分析等方面研究了卫星-惯性-星光组合导航系统的概念设计。 相似文献
964.
965.
Hawkins S. Edward Darlington E. Hugo Murchie Scott L. Peacock Keith Harris Terry J. Hersman Christopher B. Elko Michael J. Prendergast Daniel T. Ballard Benjamin W. Gold Robert E. Veverka Joseph Robinson Mark S. 《Space Science Reviews》1997,82(1-2):31-100
A multispectral imager has been developed for a rendezvous mission with the near-Earth asteroid, 433 Eros. The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) on the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft uses a five-element refractive optical telescope, has a field of view of 2.93 × 2.25°, a focal length of 167.35 mm, and has a spatial resolution of 16.1 × 9.5 m at a range of 100 km. The spectral sensitivity of the instrument spans visible to near infrared wavelengths, and was designed to provide insight into the nature and fundamental properties of asteroids and comets. Seven narrow band spectral filters were chosen to provide multicolor imaging and to make comparative studies with previous observations of S asteroids and measurements of the characteristic absorption in Fe minerals near 1 µm. An eighth filter with a much wider spectral passband will be used for optical navigation and for imaging faint objects, down to visual magnitude of +10.5. The camera has a fixed 1 Hz frame rate and the signal intensities are digitized to 12 bits. The detector, a Thomson-CSF TH7866A Charge-Coupled Device, permits electronic shuttering which effectively varies the dynamic range over an additional three orders of magnitude. Communication with the NEAR spacecraft occurs via a MIL-STD-1553 bus interface, and a high speed serial interface permits rapid transmission of images to the spacecraft solid state recorder. Onboard image processing consists of a multi-tiered data compression scheme. The instrument was extensively tested and calibrated prior to launch; some inflight calibrations have already been completed. This paper presents a detailed overview of the Multi-Spectral Imager and its objectives, design, construction, testing and calibration. 相似文献
966.
Goldsten J. O. McNutt R. L. Gold R. E. Gary S. A. Fiore E. Schneider S. E. Hayes J. R. Trombka J. I. Floyd S. R. Boynton W. V. Bailey S. Brückner J. Squyres S. W. Evans L. G. Clark P. E. Starr R. 《Space Science Reviews》1997,82(1-2):169-216
An X-ray/gamma-ray spectrometer has been developed as part of a rendezvous mission with the near-Earth asteroid, 433 Eros, in an effort to answer fundamental questions about the nature and origin of asteroids and comets. During about 10 months of orbital operations commencing in early 1999, the X-ray/Gamma-ray Spectrometer will develop global maps of the elemental composition of the surface of Eros. The instrument remotely senses characteristic X-ray and gamma-ray emissions to determine composition. Solar excited X-ray fluorescence in the 1 to 10 keV range will be used to measure the surface abundances of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe with spatial resolutions down to 2 km. Gamma-ray emissions in the 0.1 to 10 MeV range will be used to measure cosmic-ray excited elements O, Si, Fe, H and naturally radioactive elements K, Th, U to surface depths on the order of 10 cm. The X-ray spectrometer consists of three gas-filled proportional counters with a collimated field of view of 5° and an energy resolution of 850 eV @ 5.9 keV. Two sunward looking X-ray detectors monitor the incident solar flux, one of which is the first flight of a new, miniature solid-state detector which achieves 600 eV resolution @ 5.9 keV. The gamma-ray spectrometer consists of a NaI(Tl) scintillator situated within a Bismuth Germanate (BGO) cup, which provides both active and passive shielding to confine the field of view and eliminate the need for a massive and costly boom. New coincidence techniques enable recovery of single and double escape events in the central detector. The NaI(Tl) and BGO detectors achieve energy resolutions of 8.7% and 14%, respectively @ 0.662 MeV. A data processing unit based on an RTX2010 microprocessor provides the spacecraft interface and produces 256-channel spectra for X-ray detectors and 1024-channel spectra for the raw, coincident, and anti-coincident gamma-ray modes. This paper presents a detailed overview of the X-ray/Gamma-ray Spectrometer and describes the science objectives, measurement objectives, instrument design, and shows some results from early in-flight data. 相似文献
967.
Lohr D. A. Zanetti L. J. Anderson B. J. Potemra T. A. Hayes J. R. Gold R. E. Henshaw R. M. Mobley F. F. Holland D. B. Acuña M. H. Scheifele J. L. 《Space Science Reviews》1997,82(1-2):255-281
The primary objective of the investigation is the search for a body-wide magnetic field of the near Earth asteroid Eros. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer includes a sensor mounted on the high-gain antenna feed structure. The NEAR Magnetic Facility Instrument (MFI) is a joint hardware effort between GSFC and APL. The design and magnetics approach achieved by the NEAR MFI effort entailed low-cost, up-front attention to engineering solutions which did not impact the schedule. The goal of the magnetometer is reliable magnetic field measurements within 5 nT, which necessitates the use of an extensive spacecraft magnetic interference model but is achievable with the full year's orbital data set. Such a goal has been shown viable with recent in-flight calibration data and comparisons to the WIND magnetometer data. The NEAR MFI effort has succeeded in providing magnetic field measurements for the first flight in NASA's Discovery line. 相似文献
968.
We have developed a 2D semi-empirical model (Sittler and Guhathakurta 1999) of the corona and the interplanetary medium using
the time independent MHD equations and assuming azimuthal symmetry, utilizing the SOHO, Spartan and Ulysses observations.
The model uses as inputs (1) an empirically derived global electron density distribution using LASCO, Mark III and Spartan
white light observations and in situ observations of the Ulysses spacecraft, and (2) an empirical model of the coronal magnetic
field topology using SOHO/LASCO and EIT observations. The model requires an estimate of solar wind velocity as a function
of latitude at 1 AU and the radial component of the magnetic field at 1 AU, for which we use Ulysses plasma and magnetic field
data results respectively. The model makes estimates as a function of radial distance and latitude of various fluid parameters
of the plasma such as flow velocity V, temperature Teff, and heat flux Qeff which are derived from the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, respectively, in the rotating frame of
the Sun. The term "effective" indicates possible wave contributions. The model can be used as a planning tool for such missions
as Solar Probe and provide an empirical framework for theoretical models of the solar corona and solar wind.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
969.
N.U. Crooker J.T. Gosling V. Bothmer R.J. Forsyth P.R. Gazis A. Hewish T.S. Horbury D.S. Intriligator J.R. Jokipii J. Kóta A.J. Lazarus M.A. Lee E. Lucek E. Marsch A. Posner I.G. Richardson E.C. Roelof J.M. Schmidt G.L. Siscoe B.T. Tsurutani R.F. Wimmer-Schweingruber 《Space Science Reviews》1999,89(1-2):179-220
Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the middle heliosphere have distinct morphological features and associated patterns
of turbulence and energetic particles. This report summarizes current understanding of those features and patterns, discusses
how they can vary from case to case and with distance from the Sun and possible causes of those variations, presents an analytical
model of the morphological features found in earlier qualitative models and numerical simulations, and identifies aspects
of the features and patterns that have yet to be resolved.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
970.
Malandraki O.E. Sarris E.T. Lanzerotti L.J. Maclennan C.G. Pick M. Tsiropoula G. 《Space Science Reviews》2001,97(1-4):263-268
In January 2000, the Ulysses spacecraft observed an ICME event at 43° S heliographic latitude and ∼ 4.1 AU. We use electron (E
e>38 keV) observations to trace the topology of the IMF embedded within the ICME. The still controversial issue of whether
ICMEs have been detached from the solar corona or are still magnetically anchored to it when they arrive at the spacecraft
is tackled. An in ecliptic ICME event is also presented.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献