Reloading partly recovers bone mineral density and mechanical properties in hind limb unloaded rats

Skeletal unloading results in decreased bone formation and bone mass. During long-term space flight, the decreased bone mass is impossible to fully recover. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the effective countermeasures to prevent spaceflight-induced bone loss. Hindlimb Unloading (HLU) simulates effects of weightlessness and is utilized extensively to examine the response of musculoskeletal systems to certain aspects of space flight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a 4-week HLU in rats and subsequent reloading on the bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical properties of load-bearing bones.     

旋转蛇形通道内换热的非稳态实验

在旋转状态下,研究了涡轮内冷蛇形通道的非稳态换热特性.实验主要针对旋转状态下,通道内流量的变化和系统旋转速度的变化来进行的.结果表明:对于旋转通道的非稳态过程,换热系数的变化呈波动变化过程,且主要发生在实验参数变化的阶段.加速旋转时,角加速度力的作用会加强进气通道前缘面的换热,而降低后缘面的;减速旋转时,情况相反.而且,角加速度力的作用效果容易在旋转开始变化的时刻显现.当旋转速度在2个值之间往复时,换热系数变化呈现滞后环状,旋转速度越高滞后环越大.     

环路热管温度波动现象的实验分析

对实验中观察到的环路热管温度波动现象进行了描述和解释.实验发现,较小热载荷和较大热载荷下环路热管容易出现温度波动现象.对于蒸发器充满液体的启动情况,小热载荷启动容易出现毛细芯内的工质蒸发现象,芯内蒸发继而引起冷凝器入口处的温度波动,并且最终导致可变热导区的稳态工作温度偏高.冷凝器出口处的温度波动现象产生的原因是工质充装量和储液器容积的不匹配,冷凝器出口的温度波动可以通过对工质充装量的控制来避免.     

一种XML相似重复数据的清理方法研究

针对半结构化数据XML在数据清理中的重要性,研究了如何清理XML相似重复数据,主要工作有:提出一种有效的XML相似重复数据清理方法,该方法具有较强的适应性,任何XML相似检测算法都适用于此;给出一种基于树编辑距离的相似检测算法,该算法能有效地检测XML相似重复数据;采用树编辑距离的上下限优化基于树编辑距离的相似检测算法,避免了不必要的树编辑距离计算,降低了相似检测计算的复杂度,提高了运算效率.此工作为研究XML相似重复数据清理打下基础.      

A fast satellite selection algorithm with floating high cut-off elevation angle based on ADOP for instantaneous multi-GNSS single-frequency relative positioning

With the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) developing, the single-frequency single-epoch multiple GNSSs (multi-GNSS) relative positioning has become feasible. Since a larger number of the observed satellites make the instantaneous (single-epoch) positioning time-consuming, a proper satellite selection is necessary. Among the present methods, the satellite selection with a fixed high cut-off elevation angle (CEA) is least time-consuming. However, there is no criterion how large a fixed high CEA should be to achieve a high success rate and less time consumption. Besides, a fixed high CEA makes the number of visible satellites largely variable, which affects the success rate. Hence, a satellite selection strategy based on ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) is proposed. Firstly, the theoretical proof that the ADOP increases the least when removing satellites are all low-elevation-angle satellites is given, which is important to achieve the fast positioning with a high success rate. Then, the threshold $\beta$ is calculated for a different number of satellites and a given ADOP. The satellites are selected based on their elevation angles from high to low until $\beta$ of the selected satellites becomes smaller than the corresponding threshold; this method is called the extended floating CEA multi-GNSS (EF-multi-GNSS). The comparison of the single-frequency single-epoch positioning performance of the EF-multi-GNSS with the satellite selections based on a fixed low CEA (L-multi-GNSS) and a fixed high CEA (H-multi-GNSS) via the relative positioning experiments shows that: (1) the EF-multi-GNSS with a minimal number of satellites can achieve the fast positioning and a high success rate close to 100%. It can greatly reduce the time consumption of the L-multi-GNSS, by about 64.0%, by selecting 12.6 satellites of 23.4 satellites; (2) the floating CEA of EF-multi-GNSS eliminates the consideration how large a fixed high CEA should be, and a CEA larger than the fixed high CEA of the H-multi-GNSS makes it more suitable for different conditions.     

定量与定性相结合的动量轮故障可诊断性评价

为了提高动量轮的故障诊断性能,采用定量与定性相结合的方法对故障可诊断性评价方法开展研究。在分析动量轮和控制器模型的基础上,建立定量的动量轮闭环系统模型;分析动量轮的各种故障模式,将其分为测量类、驱动类和控制器类故障,并在动量轮系统模型中进行表示;依据故障到输出的传递函数是否等于0以及不同故障到输出的传递函数是否相同的思路,研究各类故障的可检测性和可分离性判断条件,对动量轮的各故障模式进行评价,给出相应的评价结果对于不可分离的故障集合,研究基于定性模型的故障可诊断性评价方法,即根据动量轮各功能模块之间的关系,结合动量轮的故障模式影响分析结果,建立故障与征兆之间的关联矩阵,通过分析各故障对应的数据,进一步给出动量轮故障可诊断性的评价结果。最后,提出故障可诊断性相关的定量指标,根据动量轮故障可诊断性评价结果,给出各故障以及动量轮的可检测度和可分离度等,为后续故障可诊断性设计提供依据。     

先进镁合金材料及其在航空航天领域中的应用

文章介绍了上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心在先进镁合金材料与成型工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了JDM1和JDM2两种镁合金新材料的显微组织与强化机制,详细介绍了涂层转移精密铸造技术、大型铸件低压铸造技术、大型锻件成型技术和表面超声波阳极氧化技术等4种镁合金成型新工艺,最后介绍了JDM1和JDM2合金及成型新工艺在我国航空航天领域中的应用。     

输入-输出非线性反馈线性化方法在硬式空中加油控制系统设计中的应用

 通过对硬式空中加油技术的研究,建立了硬式加油伸缩杆数学模型,结果表明该伸缩杆系统为一个多输入-多输出(MIMO)、耦合、非线性系统。这样解耦控制就成为系统设计的关键。当系统满足可解耦条件时,采用一种基于输入-输出(I/O)非线性反馈线性化的微分几何方法,输出与等效新输入之间呈现线性微分方程关系,选择合适的反馈形式可使伸缩杆的姿态控制解耦。解耦后,伸缩杆就可分解为俯仰和滚转方向两个相互独立的单输入-单输出(SISO)线性子系统。在MATLAB中建立了伸缩杆及其解耦模型,并进行了仿真研究。结果表明该解耦方法很好地消除了系统间的耦合作用,能够满足工程设计的需要。     

复合材料散斑检测中的小波降噪技术

电子剪切散斑干涉检测技术非常适宜复合材料的无损检测。但散斑图像往往含有较大的噪声,如何对散斑图像进行降噪处理是一个非常重要的问题。小波变换是变分辨率的分析方法,可以有效地降低噪声,而同时又较好地保存了图像细节,本文应用小波降噪技术来对散斑图像进行降噪处理,取得了较好的效果。     

Deramp range migration processing for space-borne spotlight synthetic aperture radar

The deramp range migration algorithm (DRMA) for space-borne spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented, which is based on the two-step algorithm and range migration algorithm. The presented algorithm combines the advantages of SPECAN algorithm and range migration algorithm. Firstly, the presented algorithm performs a bulk azimuth raw data compression to achieve a pixel spacing no larger than the expected azimuth resolution of the fully focused image. Therefore, the azimuth spectral folding phenomenon is overcome. Secondly, the residual and precise focusing of the synthetic aperture radar data is achieved by applying the range migration algorithm. The space-borne SAR focusing parameters’ computation is also described in the paper. At the end of this paper, results are presented which confirm the validity of the presented algorithm.