双波段红外目标检测综述

红外成像系统具备优秀的夜间可视能力,并且具备良好的抗干扰能力、识别伪装的能力,在军事领域的应用日益广泛。可见光成像系统易受光照强度的影响,无法在封闭空间或夜间等弱光条件下工作,而物体的红外辐射能量仅与物体温度和物质特性有关,所以红外成像不需要考虑光照强度,可以在全天候时段工作。红外目标检测可以应用单波段和多波段的方式进行探测,单波段探测由于目标信息有限,往往目标会存在小、弱、暗等问题,导致检测能力不理想,而多波段检测通过利用不同波段信息的冗余性、互补性,大幅度提高目标检测和识别的概率,提高识别伪装的能力。但双波段目标检测中存在很多技术难点,对红外小目标检测技术进行了分类,分析了技术难点,按不同的方法进行了总结描述。再对双波段目标检测技术进行了详细的描述,并选取了常见算法进行了性能比较和原理分析,突出了双波段目标检测的优势。     

Numerical investigation of pyrolysis effects on heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure

Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel plays an important role in the regenerative cooling process. In this article, a Two-Dimensional (2D) numerical model is proposed to investigate the pyrolysis effects on the heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure. The one-step global pyrolytic reaction mechanism consisting of 19 species is adopted to simulate the pyrolysis process of n-decane. The thermophysical and transport properties of the fluid mixture are computed and incorporated into the numerical model for simulation. Comparisons between the current predictions and the open published experimental data are carried out and good agreement is achieved. In order to better understand the complicated physicochemical process, further investigations on the turbulent flow and heat transfer coupled with pyrolysis in a tube have been performed under various operating conditions. The results indicate that the pyrolysis intensively takes place in the high fluid temperature region. The occurrence of the heat transfer deterioration would lead to increasing n-decane conversion at the beginning of the heated section. It is found that the pyrolysis could improve the heat transfer deterioration and promote the heat transfer enhancement. Meanwhile, pyrolysis gives rise to an abrupt increase of flow resistance. The mechanisms of the physicochemical phenomena are also analyzed in a systematic manner, which would be very helpful in the development of the regenerative cooling technology.     

大面积平行激光光幕靶在鸟撞速度测试系统中的应用研究

鸟弹速度是鸟撞试验关键指标。本文介绍了一种基于大面积平行激光光幕速度测量的原理和方法。并通过试验验证了其在飞机鸟撞试验速度测试系统中的应用。     

Role of the inter-pass cooling rate in recrystallization behaviors of Ni-based superalloy during interrupted hot compression

The microstructural evolution of a Ni-based superalloy under interrupted hot compressive deformation with different cooling rates in the inter-pass stage is investigated. It is found that metadynamic recrystallization(MDRX) in the inter-pass stage is more sensitive to the accumulated strain than the deformation temperature which is above the recrystallization temperature. The variations of both the grain distribution and the texture intensity caused by MDRX during the interpass stage result in variations of the yield stress(YS) and the work hardening(WH) rate in each stage. Results also show that the MDRX process in the inter-pass stage has a considerable influence on the final microstructure of three-pass compression. The final grain distribution is more uniform,and the compression texture gradually transforms into recrystallization texture with an increasing degree of MDRX. In order to predict the MDRX fraction in the inter-pass cooling stage, a modified kinetic equation is established, which can reasonably predict the MDRX behavior under multi-pass compression with different conditions in the inter-pass stage. Meanwhile, the influence of the interpass cooling stage on the mechanism of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) is studied. It is universally acknowledged that the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) process is the major deformation mechanism for the Ni-based superalloy. However, the continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) process is promoted in the compression stage with a decrease of the cooling rate in each inter-pass stage.     

Joints of continuous carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramics matrix composites to Ti60 alloy brazed using Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu active alloy

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramics matrix composites(C_f/LAS composites) are joined to Ti60 alloy vacuum brazed using Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu brazing alloy. The effects of the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints are investigated in details. The interfacial microstructure varies apparently with an increase of the brazing temperature. The thicknesses of the banded Ti solid solution(Ti(s, s)) and the reactive layer between Cf/LAS composites and the interlayer grow gradually. The mechanical properties of brazed joints increase firstly and then decrease with an increasing temperature. In addition, a joint that is brazed at 980 °C for 10 min shows the highest shear strength of$38.13 MPa. At the same time, the fracture paths of brazed joints also change as the temperature increases. When the brazing temperature is 950 °C, the fracture position is in the TiC + ZrC +Ti_2O + ZrSi_2+ Ti_5Si_3 layer on the composite side. When the brazing temperature is 980 °C, the fracture position is on the side of the braze seam(Ti, Zr)2(Ni, Cu), Ti_2O + ZrSi_2+ Ti_5Si_3 layer,and carbon fiber in the composite material. When the brazing temperature is 990 °C, the fracture position is in the Ti_2O + ZrSi_2+ Ti_5Si_3 layer on the composite side and the carbon fiber in the composite material.     

Development of a GNSS water vapour tomography system using algebraic reconstruction techniques

A GNSS water vapour tomography system developed to reconstruct spatially resolved humidity fields in the troposphere is described. The tomography system was designed to process the slant path delays of about 270 German GNSS stations in near real-time with a temporal resolution of 30 min, a horizontal resolution of 40 km and a vertical resolution of 500 m or better. After a short introduction to the GPS slant delay processing the framework of the GNSS tomography is described in detail. Different implementations of the iterative algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) used to invert the linear inverse problem are discussed. It was found that the multiplicative techniques (MART) provide the best results with least processing time, i.e., a tomographic reconstruction of about 26,000 slant delays on a 8280 cell grid can be obtained in less than 10 min. Different iterative reconstruction techniques are compared with respect to their convergence behaviour and some numerical parameters. The inversion can be considerably stabilized by using additional non-GNSS observations and implementing various constraints. Different strategies for initialising the tomography and utilizing extra information are discussed. At last an example of a reconstructed field of the wet refractivity is presented and compared to the corresponding distribution of the integrated water vapour, an analysis of a numerical weather model (COSMO-DE) and some radiosonde profiles.     

Impact of lubricant traction coefficient on cage's dynamic characteristics in high-speed angular contact ball bearing

In this paper, the formulas of elasto-hydrodynamic traction coefficients of three Chinese aviation lubricating oils, 4109, 4106 and 4050, were obtained by a great number of elasto-hydrodynamic traction tests. The nonlinear dynamics differential equations of high-speed angular contact ball bearing were built on the basis of dynamic theory of rolling bearings and solved by Gear Stiff (GSTIFF) integer algorithm with variable step. The impact of lubricant traction coeffi-cient on cage's dynamic characteristics in high-speed angular contact ball bearing was investigated, and Poincare map was used to analyze the impact of three types of aviation lubricating oils on the dynamic response of cage's mass center. And then, the period of dynamic response of cage's mass center and the slip ratio of cage were used to assess the stability of cage under various working con-ditions. The results of this paper provide the theoretical basis for the selection and application of aviation lubricating oil.     

Statistical study of electrostatic solitary waves associated with reconnection: Geotail observations

The role of waves in the dynamics of the magnetotail has long been a topic of interest in magnetospheric physics. The characteristics of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) associated with reconnection have been studied statistically in the magnetotail by surveying the large amounts data obtained from Waveform Capture (WFC) which is an important component of Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on the Geotail spacecraft. About 150 reconnection events with WFC data available are selected, and approximately 10 thousands of ESW waveforms are picked up by hands for statistical study. The ESWs are observed near diffusion region and near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). Two kinds of waveforms of ESWs are observed: bi-polar and tri-polar pulses. It is found that the pulse width of the ESWs is in the order of 1–5 ms and the peak-to-peak amplitude is in the order of 0.1–5 mV/m. The amplitudes of ESWs are larger in the near-earth tail region than that in deep tail region. ESWs have been observed with or without guide magnetic field 〈By〉. The characteristics of ESWs in different reconnection region and under different strength of guild magnetic field, their possible generation mechanism will be discussed.     

舰载机起降技术研究综述

舰载机起飞与着舰技术是舰载机设计过程中的两大关键技术。对舰载机的发展及关键技术进行了研究总结,研究分析了舰载机的起飞技术,着重分析了弹射起飞技术;对比分析了舰载机着舰技术,着重分析了自动着舰技术。最后对舰载机和起降技术的未来的发展趋势给出了分析和展望。     

基于等值线约束的地磁匹配方法

地磁辅助导航是组合导航技术研究的新方向.简要介绍了地磁辅助导航的基本原理和发展现状,并重点对地磁匹配方法进行了研究.地磁匹配是利用地磁图进行定位的方法,位置输出可用于限制惯性导航系统的误差积累.提出了一种改进的基于等值线约束的相关匹配算法,能够有效消除导航系统的初始位置误差并能限制匹配过程中惯性导航系统的积累误差.仿真实验证明,该算法能有效提高相关匹配的实时性,并能把定位精度控制在地磁数据网格间距以内.该算法对航向误差具有一定的适应性.