基于多目标优化算法的导弹动力学模型修正技术

工程上对导弹的结构动特性分析是姿态控制和动载荷计算的基础,然而动特性的精确预示往往依赖于有效的导弹动力学模型的修正。结合单纯形优化算法和有限元法给出了一种基于多目标优化算法的导弹动力学模型的修正方法,模型修正后的前三阶频率和振型计算结果与试验结果均吻合较好。该方法优化过程简单,修正结果理想,是一种有效的有限元模型修正方法。     

基于参量阵的声波定向发射系统的设计与实现

通过对声学参量阵及非线性声学的研究,设计出具有良好定向性的声波发射系统,并通过实验的方式对定向性能、参量阵参数进行验证和分析。     

壁面温度对斜爆震发动机进气道流动特性影响的数值研究

为研究壁面温度条件对层流、转捩、湍流状态下斜爆震发动机进气道流场结构、流场参数的影响,选取Ma10级、具有曲面压缩段的斜爆震发动机进气道为研究对象进行数值模拟,对进气道壁面附近激波诱导分离区、热边界层的变化进行了深入探讨。数值模拟结果表明,进气道肩部圆弧过渡段出现的再层流化现象,壁面冷却对其起抑制作用,绝热壁面条件下再层流化程度最为严重。壁面温度的增加有利于延缓流动转捩,同时也导致了分离区尺寸的增加以及转捩、湍流状态下分离区主体位置逐渐前移,进气道内通道的转捩为分离诱导转捩,转捩位置主要受到分离点位置的影响,整体表现为壁面温度增加转捩位置前移。进气道出口顶板侧热边界层厚度随着壁面温度的增加逐渐变厚,转捩状态下热边界层厚度变化可达5%,温度峰值也随着壁面温度的增加逐渐增加,且峰值位置逐渐靠近壁面。壁面温度条件相同时,层流状态下热流、热边界层厚度均较小。转捩、湍流状态下进气道出口顶板侧热边界层较厚,约为层流状态3倍,同时转捩、湍流状态下热边界层厚度相差可达2%。     

Remaining useful life prediction based on variation coefficient consistency test of a Wiener process

High-cost equipment is often reused after maintenance, and whether the information before the maintenance can be used for the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction after the maintenance is directly determined by the consistency of the degradation pattern before and after the maintenance. Aiming at this problem, an RUL prediction method based on the consistency test of a Wiener process is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of the Wiener process estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) are proved to be biased, and a modified unbiased estimation method is proposed and verified by derivation and simulations. Then, the h statistic is constructed according to the reciprocal of the variation coefficient of the Wiener process, and the sampling distribution is derived. Meanwhile, a universal method for the consistency test is proposed based on the sampling distribution theorem, which is verified by simulation data and classical crack degradation data. Finally, based on the consistency test of the degradation model, a weighted fusion RUL prediction method is presented for the fuel pump of an airplane, and the validity of the presented method is verified by accurate computation results of real data, which provides a theoretical and practical guidance for engineers to predict the RUL of equipment after maintenance.     

烧蚀型脉冲等离子体推力器能量分配机理

脉冲等离子体推力器（以下简称PPT）效率低下的缺点一直为使用者所诟病,但过去对其能量分配机理的研究十分匮乏,难以为高效率PPT的设计提供参考。针对这一现状,本研究以平板式烧蚀型PPT为对象,对推力器在4种不同放电能量（能量比1：2：3：4）下工作的电压、电流和脉冲烧蚀质量进行测量,并根据测量结果估算PPT的元冲量、比冲、效率等推进性能。此外,本研究还建立了能估算PPT推进剂利用率的数值模型,并用该模型分析实验研究结果。研究结果表明,能量利用率和推进剂利用率低下同时导致PPT推力器效率低下,随着放电能量的增加,PPT的能量利用率和推力器效率上升,分别从5.07%和2.88%逐渐提高至16.46%和5.23%,但推进剂利用率反而降低,由56.8%逐渐降低至31.8%。     

基于快速响应的导航星座重构构型设计

针对有卫星失效下的导航星座,提出发射快速响应卫星的方法来对星座的空间构型进行重构,以实现修复和改善星座性能的目的.对快速响应任务中快速响应卫星的发射方式和入轨方式进行分析,建立快速响应卫星响应时间的数学模型;建立基于快速响应的重构构型优化模型,对优化问题中的优化变量、约束条件、目标函数进行分析;以北斗中MEO卫星失效为例,利用NSGA Ⅱ算法对优化模型进行求解,并采用双层编码的方式对优化参数进行编码得到以星座性能和响应时间为目标函数下的Pareto前沿.从结果可以看出该重构方法能有效提升受损星座的性能,同时Pareto前沿中对应的所有重构策略中,响应时间均小于一天.     

全源定位与导航的统一理论框架构建

针对多导航传感器的信息融合复杂性的问题,提出了一种基于全源定位与导航的信息融合统一理论框架。该框架将目前导航领域的主要定位导航技术分成了与时间无关的定位导航技术方法以及与时间相关的定位导航技术。首先,主要从数学的角度将各种导航技术的测量模型抽象为统一的表达形式,提出了位置、姿态、速度函数的概念,讨论了各种测量方法的测量函数及其应用;其次,分析了航位、航姿、航速的推算方法;最后根据测量模型和运动模型构建了信息融合的基本方程,并讨论了基于贝叶斯估计的导航参数一般性估计方法。     

基于LSTAR的机载燃油泵多阶段退化建模

机载燃油泵的性能退化呈现出平稳—加速—平稳的非线性、多阶段模式,针对现有退化模型难以准确描述其全寿命周期性能退化的问题,以逻辑平滑转换自回归(LSTAR)模型为工具,对机载燃油泵出口压力传感器信号进行建模。首先,对转换后的压力传感器信号建立自回归(AR)模型,通过非线性检验说明建立LSTAR模型的必要性;然后,应用非线性最小二乘法完成参数估计;最后,在AIC准则最小及拟合优度最大的原则下,选择转换变量,通过残差进行模型的适应性检验与正态性检验。结果表明:基于LSTAR模型的拟合精度明显优于线性自回归模型。本文提出的方法成功解决了机载燃油泵性能退化的多阶段准确建模问题,为机载燃油泵的预测与健康管理(PHM)奠定了坚实的基础。     

Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

In this article, a grinding force model, which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force, was established. Three key factors have been taken into accounts in this model, such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials, the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing, and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips formation. The model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive wheel. Grinding force values of prediction and experiment were in good consistency. The errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8% and 13.6%, respectively. The contributions of sliding force, plowing force and chip formation force were also analyzed. In addition, the tangential forces of sliding, plowing and chip formation are 14%, 19% and 11% of the normal forces on average, respectively. The pro-posed grinding force model is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency, but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects (e.g. abrasive wheel wear, grinding heat, residual stress).     

Variable Geometry Inlet Control Research for Hypersonic Aireraft

为保证高超声速飞机在低马赫数下的气动特性,开展高超声速飞机变几何进气道控制研究。可移动唇罩式变几何进气道高超声速飞机是指飞机推进系统前段,设有一个能沿着来流方向前后平移的唇罩,从而实现飞机的最大气流捕获,以提高推进系统的性能。在分析变几何进气道工作原理的基础上,建立采用组合动力推进系统的高超声速飞机的纵向模型,进而提出多模型切换控制策略与可行的控制方法。仿真结果表明,采用了变几何进气道技术的高超声速飞机,相比于固定进气道,在低马赫数时需要的燃料当量比更小,保证了高超声速飞机在低马赫数下的气动特性。