“烧包”与纪念碑

无论是在中国还是美国,民间都有一群航空航天的收藏爱好者。他们喜欢收集与航空航天相关的纪念币、礼品、画册,骨灰级的爱好者们会收藏航空器或者航天器的零件,甚至不惜为此花大价钱收购,或者长途跋涉到废弃基地去搜集。不过,发生在2013年3月的一次发掘事件,无论花钱规模还是纪念品的规模,都让这些爱好者们的收藏活动显得相形见绌了——亚马逊公司创始人、     

Ti—Al二元合金相图的电子理论计算

随着Ti－AI系金属间化合物研究的升温，Ti－AI二元合金相图也是近年来倍受关注的研究热点之一，其实验测定已经很多，90年代以来，也取得了一些突破性的进展，许多实验结果已为大家公认，但完整的理论计算并不是很多，且极少涉及微观本质‘”。KikllChi「‘’提出的CVM和NIM为合金相平衡组态搞的理论计算提供了一种广为利用的方法。而吴非、郑伟涛和张建民D‘等利用余氏理论hi键能公式进行了生成炫的计算，将二者结合他们分别计算了Fe－Mn、Ag－An和Fe－AI二元合金相图，取得了较好的成果。本文在这些工作的基础上，系统地研究了T…     

近地空间磁场梯度分布特性及磁力效应研究

以国际地磁参考场模型IGRF11为基础,推导出地球磁场梯度分布公式,并对近地空间磁场分布特点进行了分析。由基本磁力学可知,带强磁体的航天器在地磁环境中不仅受到磁力矩作用,还将受到与地磁梯度相关的磁力的影响。根据地磁环境下的磁体受力机理,文章讨论了以弱磁力改变轨道倾角的方法,并通过数值仿真验证了其有效性。     

Microbial populations in Antarctic permafrost: biodiversity, state, age, and implication for astrobiology

Antarctic permafrost soils have not received as much geocryological and biological study as has been devoted to the ice sheet, though the permafrost is more stable and older and inhabited by more microbes. This makes these soils potentially more informative and a more significant microbial repository than ice sheets. Due to the stability of the subsurface physicochemical regime, Antarctic permafrost is not an extreme environment but a balanced natural one. Up to 10(4) viable cells/g, whose age presumably corresponds to the longevity of the permanently frozen state of the sediments, have been isolated from Antarctic permafrost. Along with the microbes, metabolic by-products are preserved. This presumed natural cryopreservation makes it possible to observe what may be the oldest microbial communities on Earth. Here, we describe the Antarctic permafrost habitat and biodiversity and provide a model for martian ecosystems.     

亚轨道飞行器航程控制的末端能量管理方法

提出一种针对小能量亚轨道飞行器在无动力返回末端区域的多参数耦合、能量航向分离控制、动势能匹配衰减的精确控制的末端能量管理方法。以动能、势能作为约束条件,以航程作为优化指标,采用能量控制方法实时生成能量剖面,根据飞行器名义能量/航程在能量剖面中的位置确定迎角,最终生成三个姿态角。仿真结果表明用这种方法得到了良好的制导结果。     

空间机器人惯性参数辨识的粒子群优化新算法

提出了针对一类多自由度空间机器人卫星惯性参数在轨辨识的一种粒子群（PSO）优化新算法。通过粒子邻域限定的多样性保持、低效粒子随机重置和粒子误差的序列性评价,得到了比常规方法更好的结果,且具有无附加燃料消耗、线动量测量和特定的机器人路径规划等便利性优点。仿真算例表明,该改进方法具有较高的准确性与效率。     

Molecular identification of cyanobacteria associated with stromatolites from distinct geographical locations

Modern stromatolites represent a significant resource for studying microbial ecology and evolution. A preliminary investigation was undertaken employing specific genetic probes to characterize the cyanobacteria responsible for stromatolite construction in a range of environments, including microbial mats found in Australia not previously examined with molecular methods. Isolates of cyanobacteria were collected from stromatolites in thermal springs, hypersaline lakes, and oceanic fringes on two continents. A polymerase chain reaction specific for DNA of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA was developed, the resulting products of the DNA amplification reaction were sequenced, and the data were used to infer relatedness between the isolates studied and other members of the cyanobacterial radiation. Complete sequence was generated for the region from position 27 to 408 for 13 strains of cyanobacteria associated with stromatolites. All stromatolite-derived sequences were most closely related to cyanobacteria, as indicated by local sequence alignment. It was possible to correlate genetic identity with morphological nomenclatures and to expand the phylogeny of benthic cyanobacteria. These inferences were also expanded to temporal variation in the dominant resident cyanobacterial species based on sampling of surface and core sinter laminations. Under the methods employed, only one cyanobacterial strain was detected in each sample, suggesting the possible dominance of a specific clonal population of cyanobacteria at any one time in the biota of the samples tested. The data indicate that internal core samples of a stromatolite at least 10 years old can be successfully analyzed by DNA-based methods to identify preserved cyanobacteria.     

西藏阿里地区的晴天大气电场特征

晴天大气电场是一个区域大气电场变化的基准场,是大气电场特性的研究基础。对于具有不同地质条件、地理环境和地形特点的区域,晴天大气电场特征具有明显区别。利用在西藏阿里地震台（80.12°E,32.51°N）安装的一台场磨式大气电场仪于2021年10月10日至2021年11月10日观测到的数据,通过对大气电场数据建模与分析,结合气象条件,得到西藏阿里地区23天晴天条件下的平均卡耐基曲线。经过平滑处理去除仪器噪声的波动,得到西藏阿里地区的晴天条件下的标准卡耐基曲线,进而与北京市昌平区十三陵观测台站（116.23°E,40.25°N）同期的晴天大气电场特征进行对比,并对其电场特性差异和原因进行了讨论。研究结果对分析高原地区晴天大气电场特征具有重要的参考价值和科学意义。      

纤维增强复合材料激光加工研究进展

对纤维增强复合材料（FRP）激光加工国内外的研究现状进行了梳理。从激光加工中材料的去除过程、去除机理以及热吸收特性等方面综述了FRP激光加工机理;从激光加工热影响区对材料性能影响、影响热影响区因素、热影响区预测等方面梳理了FRP热影响区的研究现状;概述了FRP激光辅助加工技术的研究进展。大量研究表明,由于FRP的各向异性,FRP激光加工与均质材料的激光加工存在显著差异。目前,FRP激光加工的热影响区能有效的降至几微米,显著降低了热影响区对构件性能的影响。为最大限度的融合激光加工的优势,FRP激光复合加工技术在FRP加工领域的应用逐渐受到关注,成为FRP加工技术提升的一个重要发展方向。