基于聚乙二醇的剪切增稠软体膜的制备与表征

研究了纳米二氧化硅-聚乙二醇剪切增稠软体膜(STF)的制备过程与性能表征。以乙醇和丙酮为稀释剂,以气相法生产的纳米二氧化硅和聚乙二醇为原材料,混合使用机械搅拌器和超声波清洗器制备出了不同质量分数的剪切增稠软体膜。通过红外光谱表征、流变性能测试,研究了剪切增稠软体膜的形成特征、不同状态下剪切增稠软体膜的变化、不同质量分数的剪切增稠软体膜的变化特征以及纳米二氧化硅质量分数对剪切增稠的影响。结果显示:剪切增稠分散体系的形成有新的化学键的形成,但是剪切增稠现象是一种物理现象,没有发生化学反应。剪切增稠分为的4个阶段,即:剪切不稳定、剪切变稀、剪切增稠、再次剪切变稀阶段,并且质量分数越大,剪切增稠效果越明显。     

比特并行Reed—Solomon编码器的设计

研究高速ＲＳ码编码器设计问题。给出了最优对偶基的计算方法,研究了用对偶基下的ｂｉｔ－ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌ乘法器构成ＲＳ码系统码编码器。编码器可以达到较高的吞吐率。     

微重力下低温液氪贮箱热力学特性

在轨滑行阶段液氪贮箱长期处于微重力环境。为研究其内部传热和相变过程对大轨道转移飞行器贮供单元工作性能的影响,建立了微重力液氪贮箱CFD模型,采用VOF法及Lee气液相变理论,研究了重力水平、初始液氪温度、初始充满率对微重力下液氪贮箱热分层及压力变化的影响。结果表明:常重力g0下贮箱的压升率分别为10^-4 g₀,10^-5 g₀,10^-6 g₀的1.84倍、1.98倍、2.04倍,微重力下温度分层程度(2～3 K)远低于常重力(90 K);不同初始液氪温度下贮箱压力随时间呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,且初始液氪温度越低,贮箱压升率越小;微重力下液氪贮箱存在临界初始充满率,当初始充满率Φ>70%时贮箱压升率随初始充满率的升高而增大,当Φ<70%时贮箱压升率随初始充满率的升高而减小。     

Adsorption of amino acids (ALA, CYS, HIS, MET) on zeolites: fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy investigations

Minerals adsorb more amino acids with charged R-groups than amino acids with uncharged R-groups. Thus, the peptides that form from the condensation of amino acids on the surface of minerals should be composed of amino acid residues that are more charged than uncharged. However, most of the amino acids (74%) in today's proteins have an uncharged R-group. One mechanism with which to solve this paradox is the use of organophilic minerals such as zeolites. Over the range of pH (pH 2.66-4.50) used in these experiments, the R-group of histidine (His) is positively charged and neutral for alanine (Ala), cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met). In acidic hydrothermal environments, the pH could be even lower than those used in this study. For the pH range studied, the zeolites were negatively charged, and the overall charge of all amino acids was positive. The conditions used here approximate those of prebiotic Earth. The most important finding of this work is that the relative concentrations of each amino acid (X=His, Met, Cys) to alanine (X/Ala) are close to 1.00. This is an important result with regard to prebiotic chemistry because it could be a solution for the paradox stated above. Pore size did not affect the adsorption of Cys and Met on zeolites, and the Si/Al ratio did not affect the adsorption of Cys, His, and Met. ZSM-5 could be used for the purification of Cys from other amino acids (Student-Newman-Keuls test, p<0.05), and mordenite could be used for separation of amino acids from each other (Student-Newman-Keuls test, p<0.05). As shown by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Ala interacts with zeolites through the [Formula: see text] group, and methionine-zeolite interactions involve the COO, [Formula: see text], and CH(3) groups. FT-IR spectra show that the interaction between the zeolites and His is weak. Cys showed higher adsorption on all zeolites; however, the hydrophobic Van der Waals interaction between zeolites and Cys is too weak to produce any structural changes in the Cys groups (amine, carboxylic, sulfhydryl, etc.); thus, the FT-IR and Raman spectra are the same as those of solid Cys.     

Bacterial community in ancient Siberian permafrost as characterized by culture and culture-independent methods

The microbial composition of ancient permafrost sediments from the Kolyma lowland of Northeast Eurasia was examined through culture and culture-independent approaches. These sediments have been continuously frozen for 5,000 to 2-3 million years. A total of 265 Bacteria 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified from the permafrost total-community genomic DNA and screened by amplified ribosomal 16S rRNA restriction analysis. Members of three major lineages were found: gamma-Proteobacteria (mostly Xanthomonadaceae), Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. We also determined partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of 49 isolates from a collection of 462 aerobes isolated from these sediments. The bacteria included Actinomycetales (Arthrobacter and Microbacteriaceae); followed by the Firmicutes (Exiguobacterium and Planomicrobium); the Bacteroidetes (Flavobacterium); the gamma-Proteobacteria (Psychrobacter); and the alpha-Proteobacteria (Sphingomonas). Both culture and culture-independent approaches showed the presence of high and low G+C Gram-positive bacteria and gamma-Proteobacteria. Some of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of environmental clones matched those of Arthrobacter isolates. Two-thirds of the isolates grew at -2.5 degrees C, indicating that they are psychroactive, and all are closely related to phylogenetic groups with strains from other cold environments, mostly commonly from Antarctica. The culturable and non-culturable microorganisms found in the terrestrial permafrost provide a prototype for possible life on the cryogenic planets of the Solar System.     

锈层对过冷沸腾换热影响的实验及数值研究

针对锈层对过冷沸腾换热冷却效果的影响，本文进行了理论分析、实验研究和仿真校验。首先结合经典的过冷沸腾换热理论，分析了锈层对冷却效果影响最大的几个因素。然后进行了一组夹套内壁生锈和未生锈两种情况下冷却效果的对比实验。实验发现，内壁生锈造成入口段温度大幅升高，且温升沿流道方向递次减小。接着分析了造成该现象的几大因素，推断锈层影响了流态进而抑制了沸腾换热机制是最主要的因素，并对不同入口流态下管内沸腾换热进行数值仿真，校验了上述分析结果。最后，根据研究结论，对过冷沸腾换热中易生锈或类似的粗糙内壁槽道的设计方法提出了建议。     

星上通信系统的计算机仿真应用研究

计算机模拟是卫星通信系统设计过程中的一个重要环节。利用这一方法,我们就能在卫星通信系统开始建设之前,对各种主要性能进行分析,对某些参数作出优选。这样,就可以避免很多失误。遗憾的是,除了一些理想的或是往往过于简单的情况之外,仅用解析法,以一种近似的形式来预测一复杂通信系统的性能是相当困难的。而数字仿真为直接解析估计通信系统性能