首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   18712篇
  免费   93篇
  国内免费   141篇
航空   10117篇
航天技术   5584篇
综合类   310篇
航天   2935篇
  2021年   166篇
  2018年   225篇
  2016年   164篇
  2014年   443篇
  2013年   529篇
  2012年   439篇
  2011年   632篇
  2010年   444篇
  2009年   782篇
  2008年   830篇
  2007年   412篇
  2006年   468篇
  2005年   432篇
  2004年   444篇
  2003年   548篇
  2002年   492篇
  2001年   584篇
  2000年   389篇
  1999年   473篇
  1998年   454篇
  1997年   340篇
  1996年   398篇
  1995年   459篇
  1994年   451篇
  1993年   360篇
  1992年   333篇
  1991年   250篇
  1990年   241篇
  1989年   411篇
  1988年   208篇
  1987年   240篇
  1986年   239篇
  1985年   641篇
  1984年   521篇
  1983年   416篇
  1982年   485篇
  1981年   614篇
  1980年   246篇
  1979年   189篇
  1978年   189篇
  1977年   145篇
  1976年   155篇
  1975年   193篇
  1974年   180篇
  1973年   161篇
  1972年   188篇
  1971年   148篇
  1970年   144篇
  1969年   148篇
  1967年   142篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Le Traon  P.Y.  Hernandez  F.  Rio  M.H.  Davidson  F. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,108(1-2):239-249
With a precise geoid, GOCE will allow an estimation of absolute dynamic topography from altimetry. The projected benefits to operational oceanography and its applications are analyzed herein. After a brief overview of operational oceanography, we explain how the new geoids will be used in the future to improve real time altimeter products and to better constrain modelling and data assimilation systems. A significant impact is expected both for mesoscale (e.g. better estimations and forecasts of currents for pollution monitoring, marine safety, offshore industry) and climate (better initialization of coupled ocean/atmosphere models) applications. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
992.
Cole  David G. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):295-302
Terrestrial technology is now, and increasingly, sensitive to space weather. Most space weather is caused by solar storms and the resulting changes to the Earth's radiation environment and the magnetosphere. The Sun as the driver of space weather is under intense observation but remains to be adequately modelled. Recent spacecraft measurements are greatly improving models of solar activity, the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere, and models of the radiation belts. In-situ data updates the basic magnetospheric model to provide specific details of high-energy electron flux at satellite orbits. Shock wave effects at the magnetopause can also be coarsely predicted. However, the specific geomagnetic effects at ground level depend on the calculation of magnetic and electric fields and further improvements are needed. New work on physical models is showing promise of raising geomagnetic and ionospheric predictability above the synoptic climatological level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
993.
Cairns  Iver H.  Knock  S.A.  Robinson  P.A.  Kuncic  Z. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):27-34
Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
994.
Neugebauer  M.  Steinberg  J.T.  Tokar  R.L.  Barraclough  B.L.  Dors  E.E.  Wiens  R.C.  Gingerich  D.E.  Luckey  D.  Whiteaker  D.B. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,105(3-4):661-679
Some of the objectives of the Genesis mission require the separate collection of solar wind originating in different types of solar sources. Measurements of the solar wind protons, alpha particles, and electrons are used on-board the spacecraft to determine whether the solar-wind source is most likely a coronal hole, interstream flow, or a coronal mass ejection. A simple fuzzy logic scheme operating on measurements of the proton temperature, the alpha-particle abundance, and the presence of bidirectional streaming of suprathermal electrons was developed for this purpose. Additional requirements on the algorithm include the ability to identify the passage of forward shocks, reasonable levels of hysteresis and persistence, and the ability to modify the algorithm by changes in stored constants rather than changes in the software. After a few minor adjustments, the algorithm performed well during the initial portion of the mission. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
995.
Kamide  Y.  Kihn  E.A.  Ridley  A.J.  Cliver  E.W.  Kadowaki  Y. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):307-316
We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and statistical models provide. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
996.
A magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar wind flow is constructed using a kinematic approach. It is shown that a phenomenological conductivity of the solar wind plasma plays a key role in the forming of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component normal to the ecliptic plane. This component is mostly important for the magnetospheric dynamics which is controlled by the solar wind electric field. A simple analytical solution for the problem of the solar wind flow past the magnetosphere is presented. In this approach the magnetopause and the Earth's bow shock are approximated by the paraboloids of revolution. Superposition of the effects of the bulk solar wind plasma motion and the magnetic field diffusion results in an incomplete screening of the IMF by the magnetopause. It is shown that the normal to the magnetopause component of the solar wind magnetic field and the tangential component of the electric field penetrated into the magnetosphere are determined by the quarter square of the magnetic Reynolds number. In final, a dynamic model of the magnetospheric magnetic field is constructed. This model can describe the magnetosphere in the course of the severe magnetic storm. The conditions under which the magnetospheric magnetic flux structure is unstable and can drive the magnetospheric substorm are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the observational data for September 24–26, 1998 magnetic storm (Dst min=−205 nT) and substorm occurred at 02:30 UT on January 10, 1997. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
997.
Owen  T.  Encrenaz  T. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,106(1-4):121-138
This paper reviews our present knowledge about elemental and isotopic ratios in the Giant Planets and Titan. These parameters can provide key information about the formation and evolution of these objects. Element abundances, especially after the results of the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer in Jupiter, strongly support the formation model invoking an initial core formation (Mizuno, 1980; Pollack et al., 1996). They also suggest that solar composition icy planetesimals (SCIPs) brought the heavy elements to Jupiter. The Jupiter value of D/H appears to be representative of the protosolar value, while the D/H enrichment observed on Uranus and Neptune is consistent with the formation scenario of these planets. The 15N/14N measurement in Jupiter seems to be representative of its protosolar value. Future measurements are expected to come from the Cassini and Herschel space mission, as well as the ALMA submillimeter observatory. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
998.
Novel wideband multimode hybrid interferometer system   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
In this paper, a novel hybrid of a three-element interferometer comprised of multimode antennas is analyzed. The phase ambiguities associated with the long baselines of the interferometer are resolved using the "coarse" angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna. This results in the elimination of the short baseline interferometers of the conventional five-element interferometer. It is shown here that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) must be above a threshold value to resolve the phase ambiguities with a high degree of probability. An expression that shows the dependence of this threshold SNR on the interferometer spacing and the variance of the angle estimates provided by the multimode antenna is derived. A single three-element wideband multimode antenna interferometer can replace several five-element conventional interferometers, each covering a separate frequency band.  相似文献   
999.
Frey  H.U.  Mende  S.B.  Immel  T.J.  Gérard  J.-C.  Hubert  B.  Habraken  S.  Spann  J.  Gladstone  G.R.  Bisikalo  D.V.  Shematovich  V.I. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,109(1-4):255-283
Direct imaging of the magnetosphere by instruments on the IMAGE spacecraft is supplemented by simultaneous observations of the global aurora in three far ultraviolet (FUV) wavelength bands. The purpose of the multi-wavelength imaging is to study the global auroral particle and energy input from the magnetosphere into the atmosphere. This paper describes the method for quantitative interpretation of FUV measurements. The Wide-Band Imaging Camera (WIC) provides broad band ultraviolet images of the aurora with maximum spatial resolution by imaging the nitrogen lines and bands between 140 and 180 nm wavelength. The Spectrographic Imager (SI), a dual wavelength monochromatic instrument, images both Doppler-shifted Lyman-α emissions produced by precipitating protons, in the SI-12 channel and OI 135.6 nm emissions in the SI-13 channel. From the SI-12 Doppler shifted Lyman-α images it is possible to obtain the precipitating proton flux provided assumptions are made regarding the mean energy of the protons. Knowledge of the proton (flux and energy) component allows the calculation of the contribution produced by protons in the WIC and SI-13 instruments. Comparison of the corrected WIC and SI-13 signals provides a measure of the electron mean energy, which can then be used to determine the electron energy flux. To accomplish this, reliable emission modeling and instrument calibrations are required. In-flight calibration using early-type stars was used to validate the pre-flight laboratory calibrations and determine long-term trends in sensitivity. In general, very reasonable agreement is found between in-situ measurements and remote quantitative determinations.  相似文献   
1000.
Moore  T.E.  Collier  M.R.  Fok  M.-C.  Fuselier  S.A.  Khan  H.  Lennartsson  W.  Simpson  D.G.  Wilson  G.R.  Chandler  M.O. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,109(1-4):351-371
Development of the low energy neutral atom (LENA) imager was originally motivated by a need to remotely sense plasma heating in the topside ionosphere, with the goal of greatly enhanced temporal resolution of an otherwise familiar phenomenon. During ground test and calibration, the LENA imager was found to respond to neutral atoms with energies well above its nominal energy range of 10–750 eV, up to at least 3–4 keV, owing to sputtering interactions with its conversion surface. On orbit, LENA has been found to respond to a ubiquitous neutral atom component of the solar wind, to the neutral atoms formed by magnetosheath interactions with the geocorona during periods of high solar wind pressure, and to the interstellar neutral atoms flowing through the heliosphere during the season of maximal relative wind velocity between spacecraft and interstellar medium. LENA imaging has thus emerged as a promising new tool for studying the interplanetary medium and its interaction with the magnetosphere, in addition to the ionospheric heating and outflow that result from this interaction. LENA emissions from the ionosphere consist of a fast component that can be observed at high altitudes, and slower components that evidently create a quasi-trapped extended superthermal exosphere. The more energetic emissions are responsive to solar wind energy inputs on time scales of a few minutes.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号