NASA的先进地面站结构

本文描述了用于NASA地面网(GN)的一种新型地面站结构。该结构充分利用正在出现的各种新技术,显著地减小了体积、操作复杂性、操作和维护费用。此结构以空间通信先进系统计划办公室负责研制的新接收机为基础,可以在同一电子系统中综合进地面网和天基网的两种工作模式。通过软件以及电耦合器件(CCD)技术,使其具有极强的重组配能力,具备多种工作模式。而且,功能高度模块化,可根据任务任意选用,最终的系统包括先进的射频、数字和远控技术,能为大量NASA的通信和跟踪任务带来巨大的性能改善和操作及成本的降低。     

在未来战场上无人机对卫星通信系统的补充作用

在军事通信领域,刚刚出现但却意义深远的变革很快就将向单兵、车辆和飞机提供战场的全面情况,并确保他们与世界各地的通信联络。高空、长航时无人机将会被用作准卫星系统进行宽范围的通信中继。不久的将来,新技术的发展将使所有士兵都装备一套便携式个人通信系统用于了解战场形势。民用个人通信系统技术上的发展也将有助于它们在军事上的应用。目前,世界军事力量对来自多渠道的地理空间数据的合成有更高的要求。任何有关     

Physiological problems for man in space

This article discusses some of the problems facing man in space. Many of these problems are manifested only on return to Earth when the de-conditioned body again has to withstand the effects of gravity.     

用磁带机进行随机振动均衡的技术

1.引言在研究结构动力特性和其他物理性质时,人们发现各种振源在时间上是随机的,因此其效果不能用正弦激振来恰当地模拟。最近几年,人们对用以确定结构对随机振动的响应的试验仪器和方法进行了大量研究。这种研究特别困难,因为随机过程的性质很复杂,需要用比较精密的仪器来产生和分析随机振动。最大的困难在于需要对电磁激振器一试件系     

用直接最佳法设计最大推力喷管型面

本文介绍一种用直接最佳法来设计最大推力喷管型面的方法。用一个二次多项式来模仿具有固定初始膨胀表面的喷管型面。多项式的系数随确定最大推力喷管型面的直接最佳法而改变。考虑三种直接最佳法:多维线坐标研究、最速下降法和牛顿法。提出结果,以便图解说明三种直接法的特点,证明二项式型面产生的推力基本上与用变分法确定的喷管型面所产生的推力是相同的。     

Biologically enhanced energy and carbon cycling on Titan?

With the Cassini-Huygens Mission in orbit around Saturn, the large moon Titan, with its reducing atmosphere, rich organic chemistry, and heterogeneous surface, moves into the astrobiological spotlight. Environmental conditions on Titan and Earth were similar in many respects 4 billion years ago, the approximate time when life originated on Earth. Life may have originated on Titan during its warmer early history and then developed adaptation strategies to cope with the increasingly cold conditions. If organisms originated and persisted, metabolic strategies could exist that would provide sufficient energy for life to persist, even today. Metabolic reactions might include the catalytic hydrogenation of photochemically produced acetylene, or involve the recombination of radicals created in the atmosphere by ultraviolet radiation. Metabolic activity may even contribute to the apparent youth, smoothness, and high activity of Titan's surface via biothermal energy.     

Assessing the plausibility of life on other worlds

As the field of astrobiology matures and search strategies for life on other worlds are developed, the need to analyze in a systematic way the plausibility for life on other planetary systems becomes increasingly apparent. We propose the adoption of a simple plausibility of life (POL) rating system based on specific criteria. Category I applies to any body shown to have conditions essentially equivalent to those on Earth. Category II applies to bodies for which there is evidence of liquid water and sources of energy and where organic compounds have been detected or can reasonably be inferred (Mars, Europa). Category III applies to worlds where conditions are physically extreme but possibly capable of supporting exotic forms of life unknown on Earth (Titan, Triton). Category IV applies to bodies that could have seen the origin of life prior to the development of conditions so harsh as to make its perseverance at present unlikely but conceivable in isolated habitats (Venus, Io). Category V would be reserved for sites where conditions are so unfavorable for life by any reasonable definition that its origin or persistence there cannot be rated a realistic probability (the Sun, gas giant planets). The proposed system is intended to be generic. It assumes that life is based on polymeric chemistry occurring in a liquid medium with uptake and degradation of energy from the environment. Without any additional specific assumptions about the nature of life, the POL system is universally applicable.