载人航天器舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性试验与评估方法

载人航天器舱门快速检漏仪是载人航天器舱门及其对接机构对接面气密性检测的测试仪器。为了验证舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性指标水平,按照寿命型和计量型可靠性试验方法的基本思路,通过分析其功能、工作原理和主要故障模式,确定了可靠性特征量,提出了舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性验证试验方法,包括试验方法的选择、试验件状态、试验条件的确定、试验程序、故障判据及可靠性评估方法,并给出了评估结果。     

基于后推技术的绳驱动拟人肩关节动力学控制

针对并联式绳驱动机器人建模困难、控制复杂等问题,采用拉格朗日动力学建模方法,推导得到便于控制器设计的标准动力学方程,考虑绳驱动的冗余特性和绳索的单方向受力性,提出基于最小预紧力的张力分配算法,求解出各绳索的驱动力.针对机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计了基于后推技术的系统模型控制律.仿真结果表明:后推技术法在收敛速度方面明显优于计算力矩法,且各绳索的驱动力皆能满足其张紧所需的最小张力.     

基于波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法

文章提出了在离散区域上,基于起始点和目标点相向传播波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法。设机器人作业环境为二维平面大小一定的矩形地形,机器人行走时仅限于作原地转向或直线行走。基于此开展路径规划的仿真研究,提出了搜索许可路径的算法。计算机模拟结果证实该算法可行、有效。     

Characteristics of pulsed plasma synthetic jet and its control effect on supersonic flow

The plasma synthetic jet is a novel flow control approach which is currently being studied. In this paper its characteristic and control effect on supersonic flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the formation of plasma synthetic jet and its propagation velocity in quiescent air are recorded and calculated with time resolved schlieren method. The jet velocity is up to 100 m/s and no remarkable difference has been found after changing discharge parameters. When applied in Mach 2 supersonic flow, an obvious shockwave can be observed. In the modeling of electrical heating, the arc domain is not defined as an initial condition with fixed temperature or pressure, but a source term with time-varying input power density, which is expected to better describe the influence of heating process. Velocity variation with different heating efficiencies is presented and discussed and a peak velocity of 850 m/s is achieved in still air with heating power density of 5.0 · 1012W/m3. For more details on the interaction between plasma synthetic jet and supersonic flow, the plasma synthetic jet induced shockwave and the disturbances in the boundary layer are numerically researched. All the results have demonstrated the control authority of plasma synthetic jet onto supersonic flow.     

Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的超塑性研究

Al-1.91Li-1.25Cu-0.46Mg-0.21Zr合金超塑性变形结果表明,最佳的时效工艺是400℃8h;冷轧工艺得到了比温轧(550％)更高的超塑性延伸率(630％);最佳超塑性变形工艺是T=500℃,(?)_i=3.33×10~(-3)s~(-1)(起始拉伸速度)。研究指出,Al-1.91Li-1.25Cu-0.46Mg-0.21Zr合金的超塑性预处理的时效工艺和轧制工艺影响了合金超塑变形初期的应变诱发再结晶,从而影响超塑性性能。超塑变形中的动态回变和动态再结晶是晶界滑动的重要协调机制之一。     

民机跨音速实验洞壁干扰修正方法

该洞壁干扰修正方法以实测的洞壁附近的压力分布作为边界条件;要求来流和洞壁附近的Ｍａｃｈ数都小于１;但允许模型附近出现局部超音速区和激波。它适用于各种透气壁或实壁实验段。应用该方法对国外三个模型的实验数据进行了洞壁干扰修正计算,修正结果与ＮＡＳＡ非线性洞壁干扰修正方法的结果十分接近或完全吻合。该方法已用于Ｂ７３７模型在１．２ｍ风洞中实验数据的洞壁干扰修正,其结果显示该方法适用于大展弦比飞机的跨音速风洞实验数据修正。     

激光引致水诱导空气击穿所获无约束流场演化过程的实验研究

流场演化过程是揭示激光推进机理的重要研究内容之一。利用纹影系统和PCO-HSFC 高速相机,首次拍摄了自来水诱导CO₂激光击穿空气产生的激波向空气和水中的演化过程。阐述了产生两次气蚀空穴的原因：初始时刻产生的空穴为激波作用于水面所致,第二次空穴出现在相机被触发后约8 μs 时,是激光烧蚀水蒸气作用于水面所形成的低压区。实验结果表明：击穿后流场向激光入射方向（空气中）演化较快,激波初速度较大,约为6 km/s;流场向水中演化相对较缓,激波初速度约为3.33 km/s。两者都服从指数衰减,分别在约73.368 μs 和41.649 μs 时衰减到声速。研究结果对于把水作为工质应用于激光推进有一定意义。     

基于Pareto遗传算法的复合材料机翼优化设计

针对某型飞机设计过程中遇到的副翼反效问题,提出了复合材料机翼满足气动弹性要求的优 化方法,构造了一种基于Pareto最优解定义的多目标遗传算法——Pareto遗传算法.该算法 以权重信息为基础建立Pareto解集过滤器,引入小生境技术等实现Pareto前沿面的求解.测 试函数计算表明该算法有较好的收敛性.以复合材料机翼的升力系数和滚转力矩系数为目标 函数,采用Pareto遗传算法进行计算得出一组Pareto最优解集,计算结果表明,给出的方案 能够满足工程需求,为决策者提供了多种可选方案.      

An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Some Martian Regolith Simulants with Respect to the Surface Properties at the InSight Mission Landing Site

In support of the InSight mission in which two instruments (the SEIS seismometer and the \(\mbox{HP}^{3}\) heat flow probe) will interact directly with the regolith on the surface of Mars, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on three different regolith simulants to better understand the observations of the physical and mechanical parameters that will be derived from InSight. The mechanical data obtained were also compared to data on terrestrial sands. The density of the regolith strongly influences its mechanical properties, as determined from the data on terrestrial sands. The elastoplastic compression volume changes were investigated through oedometer tests that also provided estimates of possible changes in density with depth. The results of direct shear tests provided values of friction angles that were compared with that of a terrestrial sand, and an extrapolation to lower density provided a friction angle compatible with that estimated from previous observations on the surface of Mars. The importance of the contracting/dilating shear volume changes of sands on the dynamic penetration of the mole was determined, with penetration facilitated by the \(\sim1.3~\mbox{Mg/m}^{3}\) density estimated at the landing site. Seismic velocities, measured by means of piezoelectric bender elements in triaxial specimens submitted to various isotropic confining stresses, show the importance of the confining stress, with lesser influence of density changes under compression. A power law relation of velocity as a function of confining stress with an exponent of 0.3 was identified from the tests, allowing an estimate of the surface seismic velocity of 150 m/s. The effect on the seismic velocity of a 10% proportion of rock in the regolith was also studied. These data will be compared with in situ data measured by InSight after landing.     

搅拌摩擦焊技术在弹箭体贮箱锁底环缝上的应用

明确了搅拌摩擦焊技术应用于贮箱锁底环缝需要解决的关键问题。首先对熔焊锁底接头结构进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺适应性设计,取消了背部焊漏槽和正面焊接坡口。结果表明:当叉形环位于焊缝前进侧,搅拌针长度与短壳板材厚度相当时锁底接头力学性能最优。锁底接头超声相控阵分析结果表明:存在于装配界面与焊核交界处的信号显示可以不当作缺陷信号判读。提出了采用立式帽装方式实现锁底环缝的装配焊接方案,并研制了可以保证锁底环缝装配间隙、错边、环缝平面度、贴合度以及叉形环大端周长的成套工装。实现了搅拌摩擦焊技术在Φ3 350 mm贮箱锁底环缝上的工程化应用,无损检测结果、形位尺寸符合设计要求。