An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

GPS卫星信标信噪比的统计分析

GPS卫星信标信噪比(SNR)受到卫星上的发射机增益、地面站的接收机增益、卫星与接收机之间的几何距离、接收机处的仰角、信标传播路径上电离层介质衰减等因素的共同影响.首先提出了一种从SNR观测数据中分离出SNR在电离层中衰减的算法,并应用于MANA接收站(273.751°E,12.149°N)2003年的观测数据,得到了一个电离层介质引起的对L波段信标SNR衰减日变化的平均情况.通过与IRI模式计算的电波垂直穿过电离层时衰减的SNR比较发现,由我们得到的SNR在电波垂直穿过电离层时的衰减与IRI模式计算的衰减随地方时的变化符合得比较好.     

一种两侧布局的亚声速无人机进气道流场特性

对一种两侧布局的亚声速无人机进气道进行了气动设计和数值模拟研究,得到了该进气道的工作特性.结果表明,进气道唇口、两侧管道的汇合段、以及发动机轮毂对进气道流场和性能影响较大,发动机轮毂能改善进气道出口流场品质,降低流场畸变.在所有状态下,该进气道的总压恢复系数大于0.97,畸变指数小于0.15,满足发动机的工作要求.      

测控站远程监控体制的分析与设想

通过对欧空局(ESA)地面测控站监控体制的研究,分析了新一代测控站远程监控系统所应具备的优势及特点,探讨了适合我国国情的测控站远程监控技术,并对应用方案进行了设想。     

降低气动效应综合措施的实验研究

中国正在大力发展城际高速铁路运输,而在线路中有隧道时,列车进出隧道所产生的微压波问题已经成为限制高速铁路安全、环保、健康发展的障碍。大量研究表明：隧道出口的微压波强度与压缩波的压力梯度成正比,可以通过分析压缩波的压力梯度变化来评价降低微压波的效果。采用模型试验方法,对缓冲设施、减压竖井降低压缩波峰值和压力梯度峰值的效果进行了测试分析。实验结果表明：减压竖井降低首波压力峰值、压力梯度峰值效果明显;洞口缓冲设施降低首波压力峰值的效果不明显,降低压力梯度峰值效果明显,并且降低压力梯度的效果与速度相关。     

含腐蚀预损伤铝合金2024-T62的疲劳断裂行为及基于断裂力学的寿命预测

针对2024-T62铝合金薄板系统地开展了腐蚀预损伤对材料疲劳S-N曲线、小裂纹萌生行为、长短疲劳裂纹扩展及物理小裂纹门槛值扩展行为的影响等试验研究.结果表明:腐蚀预损伤对材料疲劳S-N曲线及材料疲劳小裂纹萌生行为有明显的影响,但时材料长短裂纹扩展及物理小裂纹门槛值扩展行为没有明显的影响.通过假定腐蚀预损伤为初始小裂纹...     

磨削工件表面含湿空气射流冲击的换热

针对磨削工件表面的射流冲击对流换热过程,一方面,通过数值研究,揭示旋转表面诱导的气旋和射流冲击的耦合流动换热特征;另一方面,通过实验研究,定量分析含湿空气射流冲击的强化换热效果。研究结果表明,当盘缘在射流冲击喷嘴附近的切向速度与射流冲击方向协调时,旋转盘诱导的气旋运动和射流冲击的耦合作用有利于改善磨削弧区的对流换热,随着转盘旋转速度的增加,其强化对流换热的效果更显著;采用含湿空气作为冲击射流可以显著提高加热壁面的冷却效果。     

新型双凸极发电机数字控制原理与实现

电励磁双凸极电机是一种新型交流无刷电机,它具有结构简单、可靠性高、维修方便等优点,用作发电机具有调压控制简单、可故障灭磁等优点。文中首先介绍了电励磁双凸极发电机系统的控制原理,并分析了发电系统的控制规律。为优化控制P I参数,提高系统的动稳态性能,通过M atlab仿真获得根据输出电压与给定电压的偏差的变P I参数组合,并经试验优化该P I参数组合。然后,通过硬件构成与软件设计两方面介绍了基于DSP控制的电励磁双凸极发电机系统的设计方法。最后,以一台30 kW发电机为例,设计了一套数字调压器,并进行了系统试验。实验结果表明,电励磁双凸极发电系统采用变P I参数的控制方法具有良好的动稳态特性。     

运载火箭/航天器耦合分支模态综合法(下)

将运载火箭作为主结构、航天器作为分支子结构,分别采用自由界面模态展开定理和固定界面模态展开定理,导出分支模态综合法,进行运载火箭/航天器组合模型响应分析。进而,采用界面约束模态质量的界面加速度,导出航天器载荷估计方法,这时的运载火箭与航天器连接界面可以是静定的或静不定的。当仅考虑连接界面是静定的情况,界面约束模态质量将退化为界面刚体质量,导出采用刚体界面加速度的航天器载荷估计的方法,这个方法所导出的公式与Chen的方法完全相同,而Chen方法的公式是由有限元法导出的。提出一种航天器载荷瞬态分析新技术:一个以前的运载火箭/航天器组合系统的载荷分析结果可以用来获得被相同的运载火箭发射的新航天器结构的动态载荷,这种方法比Chen的"恢复瞬态分析"方法更简便。     

Modeling and Optimal Design of Planar Linkage Mechanism of Coupled Joint Clearances for Manufacturing

The uncertainty of the mechanism motion error is mostly caused by the manufacturing process,so the motion error cannot be effectively predicted at the design phase.The problems of manufacturing complexity and the relationship between design and manufacturing are analyzed,and the influence of dimensional tolerance and fit tolerance on the motion accuracy of the system is considered in the design process.Then based on the Monte Carlo simulation,an optimal design model of planar linkage mechanism is set up.A typical offset slider-crank mechanism is used as an illustrative example to carry out the optimal design.Compared with the result of typical robustness design,the similar variation characteristics of the mean value and the standard deviation can be found,so the proposed method is effective.The method is furthermore applied in the optimization of the schemes with different fit tolerances and the prediction of motion errors in the design phase is achieved.A set of quantitative evaluation system for mechanism optimal design is provided.Finally,a basic strategy is presented to balance the motion precision and manufacturing cost.