Variability of spectra in large solar energeticparticle events

Using data from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer on the Advanced Composition Explorer obtained during 36large solar energetic particle events (SEPs) that occurred during 1997–2002 we have examined the spectral characteristics of oxygen and iron. Based on the shape of the oxygen spectrum during the decay phase following the peak in particle intensity, each SEP event was categorized as either exponential (7 events) or power law (29 events). We find that the exponential events were typically the larger events (in terms of peak oxygen intensity) and had Fe/0 ratios that strongly decreased with increasing energy.Event-averaged Fe/0 ratios (integrated over 12 to 60 MeV/nucleon) were at or below coronal abundances for nearly all these events, while the ratios obtained in the power law events were typically enhanced over coronal values. The majority of the power law events had the same spectral index for both 0 and Fe resulting in an Fe/0 ratio independent of energy. However 6 of the 29 power law events had Fe/0 ratios that increased with increasing energy due to an Fe spectral index less negative than that of 0. We consider simple diffusion theory in an effort to understand the nature of these events and obtain preliminary but promising results.     

基于弹流润滑转子-滚动轴承系统碰摩-不对中耦合故障的动力学分析

研究弹流润滑(EHL)转子-滚动轴承系统在碰摩-不对中耦合故障状态下的动力学响应.基于EHL理论与Hertz弹性接触理论,并考虑转静碰摩故障与转子不对中故障,建立耦合故障作用下转子-滚动轴承系统非线性动力学微分方程,通过龙格库塔数值解法进行求解得到故障状态下系统振动响应,对比分析其结果并在航空发动机转子实验台进行验证.研究结果表明:①考虑EHL理论对单一碰摩故障系统的影响较大.考虑EHL理论的系统进入拟周期运动与周期2运动状态时的转速较未考虑EHL理论系统明显提高,周期2解所处的转速区间较未考虑EHL理论系统大.②考虑EHL理论对碰摩-不对中耦合故障系统的影响较大.考虑EHL理论的系统由周期1解进入拟周期运动,且进入拟周期状态时的转速较未考虑EHL理论的系统明显提高.③通过计算结果与实验结果进行对比分析,可发现考虑EHL理论的耦合故障系统的转子在1/2倍频与2倍频处的振动响应均弱于未考虑EHL理论的系统,考虑EHL理论的模型比未考虑EHL理论的模型能更准确体现耦合故障系统的振动响应.     

发动机安装损失试验精确测温方法研究

直升机发动机装机后,一般都需进行安装损失的飞行试验,通过发动机进气温升与进气压损等数据的测量,利用发动机性能计算软件,分析装机状态下的发动机性能变化。UMA2000数据采集系统预设的蕈程相对于发动机温升的变化范围过宽,往往导致较大的测量误差,直接影响发动机安装损失的分析结论。通过在UMA2000数据采集系统引入偏置电压的方法,实现了发动机进气温升测量精度的大幅提高。     

变量化约束草图驱动的药柱三维特征设计研究

为了直观而准确地支持固体火箭发动机药柱设计,提出了一种约束草图驱动的药柱三维特征造型方法。该设计方法首先通过变量化约束求解引擎对设计人员模糊的设计概念进行精确的几何坐标定位,形成一幅设计变量驱动的约束草图。然后,经过药柱特征定义,在设计规则和基于设计历史的燃面追溯统计算法的支持下,设计人员能够在约束草图上进行任意形式复杂药柱的特征定义、造型设计、燃面推移仿真与燃面统计。最后,开发了相应的药柱设计系统,并以一个管槽形药柱的设计过程,验证了本设计方法的计算效率、直观性、准确性和有效性。     

某型航空发动机空中起动供油规律的研究

研究某型航空发动机空中起动困难问题,现有自动起动器没有考虑飞行高度对供油规律的影响,发动机在空中起动时存在富油状态.分析了影响起动供油规律的因素,在现有自动起动器结构基础上,设计了高空修正模块来补偿飞行高度对供油规律的影响.建立了自动起动器的数学模型,对改进的自动起动器进行了仿真分析和试验.仿真结果和试验验证了改进方案的可行性,与地面起动相比,空中起动的供油量随着飞行高度的增加而降低.采用改进的空中起动供油规律可补偿飞行高度对供油特性的影响,解决发动机空中起动时的富油状态问题.      

The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) and SEP Central Electronics for the STEREO Mission

The Low-Energy Telescope (LET) is one of four sensors that make up the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) instrument of the IMPACT investigation for NASA’s STEREO mission. The LET is designed to measure the elemental composition, energy spectra, angular distributions, and arrival times of H to Ni ions over the energy range from ～3 to ～30 MeV/nucleon. It will also identify the rare isotope ³He and trans-iron nuclei with 30≤Z≤83. The SEP measurements from the two STEREO spacecraft will be combined with data from ACE and other 1-AU spacecraft to provide multipoint investigations of the energetic particles that result from interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and from solar flare events. The multipoint in situ observations of SEPs and solar-wind plasma will complement STEREO images of CMEs in order to investigate their role in space weather. Each LET instrument includes a sensor system made up of an array of 14 solid-state detectors composed of 54 segments that are individually analyzed by custom Pulse Height Analysis System Integrated Circuits (PHASICs). The signals from four PHASIC chips in each LET are used by a Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) to provide onboard particle identification of a dozen species in ～12 energy intervals at event rates of ～1,000 events/sec. An additional control unit, called SEP Central, gathers data from the four SEP sensors, controls the SEP bias supply, and manages the interfaces to the sensors and the SEP interface to the Instrument Data Processing Unit (IDPU). This article outlines the scientific objectives that LET will address, describes the design and operation of LET and the SEP Central electronics, and discusses the data products that will result.     

空间激光通信系统光电器件辐射效应研究

针对空间激光通信系统所用高速半导体激光器、光电探测器、掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)、石英光纤等关键器件,开展电子、质子和γ射线辐照试验。半导体激光器经~(60)Co-γ射线和电子加速器辐照后斜率效率发生轻微下降,下降程度与总剂量大小有关;而光功率在电子辐照后出现严重下降,表明电子辐照比γ射线产生更多的损伤,可以归因于电子造成的位移损伤。PIN光电探测器在质子辐照后,暗电流和电容都明显增大,主要是由于质子造成的位移损伤引入深能级缺陷增加势垒,导致光电探测器性能退化。EDFA系统的掺铒光纤经~(60)Co-γ射线辐照后,对系统的增益和噪声影响很大。石英光纤主要受总剂量效应影响,辐射损耗随光纤通入的光波波长增大而减小,而且光纤损耗的剂量率效应不明显,实际试验可以根据试验条件选择适当的剂量率。研究结果可为空间激光通信系统的元器件选型、辐射效应评估与抗辐射加固设计提供参考数据。     

分布式光纤传感技术及其在航空航天领域的应用展望

综述了分布式布里渊和瑞利光纤传感技术的主要技术原理、特点及发展概况,包括布里渊光时域分析技术、布里渊相关域分析技术、动态布里渊光纤传感技术、瑞利光时域反射计技术和光频域反射计技术五项主要技术。在此基础上,对分布式光纤传感技术在航空领域的应用进行了回顾,并对其在航天领域的可能应用进行了探讨。     

EB-PVD热障涂层对激光打孔孔径及热循环后孔径变化影响的研究

 在试样上用激光打了不同孔径、不同方向的冷却孔,采用电子束物理气相沉积( EB-PVD) 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆MCrAlY粘接层和ZrO₂陶瓷层,观察和计算其孔径大小变化;然后对试样进行了热循环处理,以比较热循环前后的孔径变化。初步实验结果表明:激光打孔的入射角,对孔径变化影响不大;原始孔径增大,施以涂层后其相对变化就较小,采用EB-PVD 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆ZrO₂陶瓷层后其孔径比原始孔径至少减少了15 %;在热循环试验前后,绝大部分孔径变化较小,而其总趋势是由大变小,孔径减少约5 %左右。