The Electric Antennas for the STEREO/WAVES Experiment

The STEREO/WAVES experiment is designed to measure the electric component of radio emission from interplanetary radio bursts and in situ plasma waves and fluctuations in the solar wind. Interplanetary radio bursts are generated from electron beams at interplanetary shocks and solar flares and are observed from near the Sun to 1 AU, corresponding to frequencies of approximately 16 MHz to 10 kHz. In situ plasma waves occur in a range of wavelengths larger than the Debye length in the solar wind plasma λ _D ≈10 m and appear Doppler-shifted into the frequency regime down to a fraction of a Hertz. These phenomena are measured by STEREO/WAVES with a set of three orthogonal electric monopole antennas. This paper describes the electrical and mechanical design of the antenna system and discusses efforts to model the antenna pattern and response and methods for in-flight calibration.     

The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) Investigation on the STEREO Observatories

The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) investigation provides the in situ solar wind and low energy heliospheric ion measurements for the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Mission, which consists of two spacecraft (STEREO-A, STEREO-B). PLASTIC-A and PLASTIC-B are identical. Each PLASTIC is a time-of-flight/energy mass spectrometer designed to determine the elemental composition, ionic charge states, and bulk flow parameters of major solar wind ions in the mass range from hydrogen to iron. PLASTIC has nearly complete angular coverage in the ecliptic plane and an energy range from ～0.3 to 80 keV/e, from which the distribution functions of suprathermal ions, including those ions created in pick-up and local shock acceleration processes, are also provided.     

The THEMIS Array of Ground-based Observatories for the Study of Auroral Substorms

The NASA Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) project is intended to investigate magnetospheric substorm phenomena, which are the manifestations of a basic instability of the magnetosphere and a dominant mechanism of plasma transport and explosive energy release. The major controversy in substorm science is the uncertainty as to whether the instability is initiated near the Earth, or in the more distant >20 Re magnetic tail. THEMIS will discriminate between the two possibilities by using five in-situ satellites and ground-based all-sky imagers and magnetometers, and inferring the propagation direction by timing the observation of the substorm initiation at multiple locations in the magnetosphere. An array of stations, consisting of 20 all-sky imagers (ASIs) and 30-plus magnetometers, has been developed and deployed in the North American continent, from Alaska to Labrador, for the broad coverage of the nightside magnetosphere. Each ground-based observatory (GBO) contains a white light imager that takes auroral images at a 3-second repetition rate (“cadence”) and a magnetometer that records the 3 axis variation of the magnetic field at 2 Hz frequency. The stations return compressed images, “thumbnails,” to two central databases: one located at UC Berkeley and the other at the University of Calgary, Canada. The full images are recorded at each station on hard drives, and these devices are physically returned to the two data centers for data copying. All data are made available for public use by scientists in “browse products,” accessible by using internet browsers or in the form of downloadable CDF data files (the “browse products” are described in detail in a later section). Twenty all-sky imager stations are installed and running at the time of this publication. An example of a substorm was observed on the 23rd of December 2006, and from the THEMIS GBO data, we found that the substorm onset brightening of the equatorward arc was a gradual process (>27 seconds), with minimal morphology changes until the arc breaks up. The breakup was timed to the nearest frame (<3 s) and located to the nearest latitude degree at about ±3^oE in longitude. The data also showed that a similar breakup occurred in Alaska ～10 minutes later, highlighting the need for an array to distinguish prime onset.     

New Horizons: Anticipated Scientific Investigations at the Pluto System

The New Horizons spacecraft will achieve a wide range of measurement objectives at the Pluto system, including color and panchromatic maps, 1.25–2.50 micron spectral images for studying surface compositions, and measurements of Pluto’s atmosphere (temperatures, composition, hazes, and the escape rate). Additional measurement objectives include topography, surface temperatures, and the solar wind interaction. The fulfillment of these measurement objectives will broaden our understanding of the Pluto system, such as the origin of the Pluto system, the processes operating on the surface, the volatile transport cycle, and the energetics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The mission, payload, and strawman observing sequences have been designed to achieve the NASA-specified measurement objectives and maximize the science return. The planned observations at the Pluto system will extend our knowledge of other objects formed by giant impact (such as the Earth–moon), other objects formed in the outer solar system (such as comets and other icy dwarf planets), other bodies with surfaces in vapor-pressure equilibrium (such as Triton and Mars), and other bodies with N₂:CH₄ atmospheres (such as Titan, Triton, and the early Earth).     

制导炸弹偏航通道变结构控制研究

针对制导炸弹偏航通道存在对象参数摄动与外界干扰问题,设计自适应变结构控制器,并进行分析与改进（特别是分析了对象参数摄动后系统的稳态误差）,通过理论推导保证系统稳定性以及良好的动态响应品质与静态响应品质;最后通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性。     

激光陀螺中光路调节系统的研究

本文针对陀螺掉光问题,分析了光路准直性变化（光路歪扭）带来的损耗对陀螺输出光强的影响,确定了光路歪扭调节角度的范围,设计了光路调节系统,并对其进行测试。结果表明,该系统在额定工作电压下,对光路歪扭角度的调节范围在-8″和+3″之间,具备光路调节的能力,可用于提高光路准直性。     

耦合电感在正负输出开关电源中的应用

本文通过对正负输出电源特性的分析,阐述了耦合电感在解决正负输出电源交叉调节问题中的独特作用,并通过对耦合电感建立数学模型分析了耦合电感对正负输出电源电路性能的影响,通过对耦合电感的研究使我们掌握了实现正负输出电压稳定的开关电源设计方法,并在惯测系统配套的电源变换器中得以应用验证。     

一种无陀螺捷联惯导系统角速度解算组合算法

无陀螺捷联惯导系统仅利用加速度计就可完成惯性测量与导航,然而采用积分法解算载体的角速度时误差积累严重,发散迅速。文章采用一种常用的九加速度计配置方案,设计一种积分法补偿算法,并针对其初始时段误差过大的问题提出了一种组合算法。仿真验证能有效地抑制解算误差的发散,提高了解算精度。     

灰度相关图像匹配算法噪声适应性仿真

文章主要研究基于灰度的图像匹配算法对于图像噪声的适应能力。首先对两种典型的基于灰度的图像匹配算法——ABS（Absolute Balance Search）法和归一化互相关法进行了简要介绍,随后通过仿真实验深入研究了上述两种算法对于图像噪声的适应能力;最后得出了相应的结论。     

先进战斗机保障性AGA-SSI评估模型

科学、有效地进行保障性评估是提高装备综合保障能力和加快装备形成战斗力的研究重点之一。文章采用基于加速遗传算法的Shepard相似插值方法,构建了先进战斗机保障性AGA-SSI评估模型并对两型飞机保障性进行了评估,结果表明,模型是可行的、有效的。