涡轮叶片尾缘斜劈缝气膜冷却数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了涡轮叶片尾缘斜劈缝气膜冷却的流场特性,及其对叶背面尾缘温度分布的影响。研究了冷流喷射角为0°时,叶盆尾缘厚度H、叶盆尾缘倾斜角θ、冷气通道宽度d以及吹风比等因素对斜劈缝气膜冷却的影响。研究表明:尾缘劈缝冷气流出后呈先抬起后再附的流动特征,对应叶背面温度呈先升高后降低的分布特点,其最高温度出现在冷气出口下游约5H处;在冷气流量一定的情况下,叶盆尾缘的厚度和尾缘劈缝宽度对斜劈缝气膜冷却效果有着较大的影响,叶盆尾缘厚度越薄、冷气通道宽度d越小,气膜冷却效果越好;吹风比越大,气膜冷却效果越好;叶盆尾缘倾斜角θ对气膜冷却效果的影响很小。     

新型涡轮叶片冷却技术换热特性实验研究

通过实验研究了一种新型涡轮叶片冷却技术（Thermal driving in high centrifugal field,TDHCF）的换热特性。该技术主要利用高彻体力场下微小封闭循环通道内流体的热驱动运动来达到高效换热的目的。实验中分别采用了液态H2O和氟利昂R12为热驱动介质,分析了离心力场下热驱动运动的流动规律和换热特性,讨论了TDHCF技术的总平均换热效果KH随旋转速度和热流密度的变化规律。研究发现：离心力场下,采用不同的流体作为热驱动介质所形成的热驱动运动规律相同,温度分布也基本类似,均是随着转速和热流密度的增加,热驱动运动强度提高,平均换热系数随之变大。研究结果表明：旋转速度、热流密度以及热驱动介质的热物性均影响了TDHCF所最终能达到的换热效果,其中旋转速度的影响尤为显著;在热流密度或转速不变的情况下,以液态氟利昂R12为热驱动介质,TDHCF可以达到更高的强化换热效果。与常规的气冷技术相比,采用TDHCF可以有效地提高换热效果。     

基于Mie散射理论的水滴平均直径测量

冰风洞实验时,为了更精确地模拟实验环境,需要精确测量喷头喷出水滴的直径,为此,开发了一套激光束发射装置并基于Mie散射理论编制了水滴直径计算程序.在水滴流场的环境中,激光束发生散射,间隔Δt的时间反复实验获得多个时刻的散射光强分布图.应用自行开发的计算程序对已获得的多组散射光强分布图进行计算处理,得到同一截面不同时刻的多组水滴平均直径.利用Newton插值法对上述多组水滴平均直径进行插值,拟合出不同时刻水滴直径的连续变化曲线,对该曲线求积分平均值,获得该截面水滴的平均直径.为检验实验装置和计算程序的准确性,对某加湿器喷水系统进行实验测量,测量结果与产品说明中提供的数据吻合良好,表明该测量装置和计算程序可行.     

Temperature effects in the ATIC BGO calorimeter

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) Balloon Experiment had a successful test flight and a science flight in 2000–01 and 2002–03 and an unsuccessful launch in 2005–06 from McMurdo, Antarctica, returning 16 and 19 days of flight data. ATIC is designed to measure the spectra of cosmic rays (protons to iron). The instrument is composed of a Silicon matrix detector followed by a carbon target interleaved with scintillator tracking layers and a segmented BGO calorimeter composed of 320 individual crystals totaling 18 radiation lengths to determine the particle energy. BGO (Bismuth Germanate) is an inorganic scintillation crystal and its light output depends not only on the energy deposited by particles but also on the temperature of the crystal. The temperature of balloon instruments during flight is not constant due to sun angle variations as well as differences in albedo from the ground. The change in output for a given energy deposit in the crystals in response to temperature variations was determined.     

改进蚁群算法求解时变网络中最短路径问题

给出一种时变网络中蚁群算法的信息素更新策略,使边上残留信息素能够正确反映时变网络中边上权值的变化情况;改进了传统蚁群算法的相邻节点选择策略,使蚂蚁只需计算与当前节点存在直接路径的节点的转移概率,降低算法的计算量;将蚁群算法和遗传算法结合,将蚁群算法每次遍历后形成的解作为初始群种进行单点交叉计算,避免陷入局部最优解,提高算法收敛速度.仿真结果表明,改进的蚁群算法能够有效求解时变网络中最短路径问题,比传统蚁群算法得到全局最优解的概率更大,算法的收敛速度更高.     

直升机旋翼防/除冰电加热控制律仿真

电热防除/冰系统的控制涉及到电加热与外流场的传热耦合,计算较为复杂,可利用的数据资料较为稀少。为探索电热防/除冰系统工作时与外流场的耦合传热规律,建立了二维电热除冰的数学模型,该模型在Messinger模型和改进的焓法模型基础上耦合了外表面与环境的复杂换热以及融冰和重新结冰过程的相变换热;采用控制容积法对控制微分方程进行离散后,使用TDMA（Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm）和ADI（Alternating Direction Implicit）方法对离散得到的线性方程组进行求解,进而得到了除冰表面温度分布,同时揭示了电热防/除冰系统的耦合传热规律;分析了不同结冰条件下,加热时间控制律和加热热流密度对除冰表面温度的影响。计算发现合理设计加热热流密度大小及分布和加热时间控制律,可实现电热除冰系统能源的高效利用,进而确保飞行安全。     

高稳定型稀土永磁起重吊的开发

利用磁与机械力的转换特性,进行了稀土永磁起重吊的研究和设计。设计制作的永磁起重吊不仅克服了电磁铁起重吊存在的能耗大、安全系数小、体积大及拖缆作业等缺点,而且还具有性能稳定、安全可靠、结构简单、操作方便等特点,是一种实用且应用前景广阔的起吊工具。     

Enhancing the ATIC charge resolution

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed to investigate the charge composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays over the energy range from about 10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ eV during Long Duration Balloon (LDB) flights from McMurdo, Antarctica. Currently, analysis from the ATIC-1 test flight and ATIC-2 science flight is underway and preparation for a second science flight is in progress. Charge identification of the incident cosmic ray is accomplished, primarily, by a pixilated Silicon Matrix detector located at the very top of the instrument. While it has been shown that the Silicon Matrix detector provides good charge identification even in the presence of electromagnetic shower backscatter from the calorimeter, the detector only measures the charge once. In this paper, we examine use of the top scintillator hodoscope detector to provide a second measure of the cosmic ray charge and, thus, improve the ATIC charge identification.     

Gamma-ray detector on board lunar mission Chang’E-1

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is included in the payload of Chinese first lunar mission Chang’E-1 that will be launched in 2007. Specific objectives of the GRS are to map abundance of O, Si, Fe, Ti, U, Th, K, and perhaps, Mg, Al, and Ca to depths of about 20 cm. There are remarkable advantages for GRS application to remote sensing elemental materials over the entire lunar surface: large effective area and good ability for background rejection. We will describe the design of GRS and present its performance in this paper. Moreover, the GRS calibration will also be introduced.     

测试结冰界面切向冻粘强度的新方法

提出一种测试结冰界面切向冻粘强度的新方法。设计了新型的拼接式结冰装置,进行圆柱形结冰杆表面的结冰,再通过压缩试验完成切向冻粘强度测试。在上述工作基础上进一步地研究了多个试验因素对切向冻粘强度的影响。试验结果表明:随着接触面积或者冻结时间的增加,切向冻粘强度均呈现先增大后稳定的趋势;随着加载速率的增大,切向冻粘强度值呈现先增加后减小的趋势;在-5～-30℃之间,切向冻粘强度与冻结温度近似为线性关系。