Tropospheric wet refractivity tomography using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) have been successfully used to reconstruct the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and in recent years be tentatively used in tropospheric wet refractivity and water vapor tomography in the ground-based GNSS technology. The previous research on ART used in tropospheric water vapor tomography focused on the convergence and relaxation parameters for various algebraic reconstruction techniques and rarely discussed the impact of Gaussian constraints and initial field on the iteration results. The existing accuracy evaluation parameters calculated from slant wet delay can only evaluate the resultant precision of the voxels penetrated by slant paths and cannot evaluate that of the voxels not penetrated by any slant path. The paper proposes two new statistical parameters Bias and RMS, calculated from wet refractivity of the total voxels, to improve the deficiencies of existing evaluation parameters and then discusses the effect of the Gaussian constraints and initial field on the convergence and tomography results in multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct the 4D tropospheric wet refractivity field using simulation method.     

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

国外载人航天器热控技术发展分析

文章对国外载人航天器热控技术的发展进行了调研,介绍了国外典型载人航天器的主动热控系统组成,特别是国际空间站美国实验舱的主动热控系统,并对热控技术的发展进行了评述,旨在为我国空间站建设提供参考。     

基于小波变换的SAR相干斑抑制方法研究

SAR图像固有的相干斑噪声恶化了其成像质量,如何有效抑制相干斑噪声并保留SAR图像的细节信息是研究的一个热点问题。基于SAR相干斑乘性噪声模型,根据小波阈值处理的原理,分析小波滤波在SAR相干斑抑制中存在的关键问题和硬、软阈值处理中存在的不足,提出一种新的阈值函数,并利用均方误差和峰值信噪比指标对相干斑抑制效果进行评估。实验结果表明,新的阈值函数在有效抑制相干斑噪声的同时还保留大量SAR图像的细节信息,较硬、软阈值函数有更好的滤波效果。     

光纤陀螺用光收发组件的SLD准直系统设计

在光纤陀螺向高精度和小型化的方向发展的背景下,针对光纤陀螺用光收发组件对器件小型化、易集成的特殊要求和超辐射发光二极管SLD(Super-Luminescent Diode)出射光束的特点,提出利用双焦距双柱透镜准直整形系统对SLD光束进行准直、整形.根据椭圆高斯光束的特性,利用几何光学法和矩阵光学法,分别对该双柱透镜的重要结构参数(曲率、柱透镜厚度)进行了详细的计算及分析,并且利用矩阵光学法得出系统的光线传输矩阵,对该双柱透镜的结构参数进行优化设计.利用CODEⅤ光学仿真软件对优化后的系统进行仿真,得出准直整形后光束在xOz平面和yOz平面内的发散角仿真值均低于0.05 mrad,且光斑为圆形.     

天线罩干扰下的雷达/红外复合导引头数据融合

针对雷达/红外复合导引头中存在天线罩折射以及外部干扰问题,在三维模型下,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter)的多模型算法,对天线罩斜率进行估计,并将估计结果代入EKF,降低观测视线角中的天线罩折射干扰,形成最优局部估计.采用基于环境信息的加权因子法对雷达/红外局部估计结果进行融合,通过环境信息度量传感器测量结果的可信度,忽略不可信的局部估计结果.设计4组算例检验融合算法性能,仿真结果表明:所提算法可以准确估计天线罩斜率,合理并有效使用雷达/红外传感器信息,提高系统估计精度.     

逆向涡流发生器减小涡轮叶尖泄漏流的数值研究

逆向涡流发生器可以有效减小涡轮叶尖泄漏流,提高叶片周向载荷.对影响逆向涡流器减小泄漏流的几个关键因素进行了数值研究,结果表明:入流和出流孔径比增大,涡流器流量增加,对叶尖泄漏流的减小效果越好,孔径比2∶1时比孔径比1∶1时涡流器流量增加了24%,叶尖泄漏流量降低了0.8%,叶片周向载荷提高了1%;与叶片前缘布置涡流器相比,在叶片中后部布置时涡流器流量增大,叶片周向载荷提高;涡流器布置越密,涡流器总流量增加,布置33个涡流器比布置9个涡流器叶尖泄漏流量降低了1.6%,叶片周向载荷提高了2.7%;出流角越小,叶尖泄漏流量越小,叶片周向载荷越大,出流角30°时泄漏流量比60°时降低了1.2%,叶片周向载荷提高了约2%.     

Monocular Vision-based Two-stage Iterative Algorithm for Relative Position and Attitude Estimation of Docking Spacecraft

Visual sensors are used to measure the relative state of the chaser spacecraft to the target spacecraft during close range rendezvous phases. This article proposes a two-stage iterative algorithm based on an inverse projection ray approach to address the relative position and attitude estimation by using feature points and monocular vision. It consists of two stages: absolute orientation and depth recovery. In the first stage, Umeyama's algorithm is used to fit the three-dimensional (3D) model set and estimate the 3D point set while in the second stage, the depths of the observed feature points are estimated. This procedure is repeated until the result converges. Moreover, the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed algorithm are verified through theoretical analysis and mathematical simulation.     

Auroral Electrojet Event Associated With Magnetospheric Substorms

The auroral electrojet index is an important index in monitoring and predicting substorms. A substorms usually includes auroral breakup, auroral electrojet event marked by AE increase, energetic particle injection at geosynchronous orbit, mid-low latitude Pi2, etc. However the question whether an auroral electrojet event corresponds to a substorm remains unanswered. Using the auroral electrojet index in 2004, we analyzed five auroral electrojet events and studied their relation with substorms. The results show that there are three kinds of auroral electrojet events: (1) simultaneous rapid increase of westward auroral electrojet and eastward auroral electrojet; (2) rapid increase of westward auroral electrojet and almost unchangeable eastward auroral electrojet; (3) rapid increase of eastward auroral electrojet and almost unchangeable westward auroral electrojet. Most of auroral electrojet events correspond to substorms. However a few auroral electrojet events are not accompanied by substorms. This situation most often occurs for the auroral electrojet event in which eastward auroral electrojet dominates.      

国外空间对抗装备技术的发展途径与趋势

空间已成为事关国家安全和利益的战略“制高点”。主要航天国家围绕控制“制高点”,采取不同策略发展空间对抗能力。国外已具备有限的空间对抗实战能力,但是空间对抗装备在世界范围内总体上仍处于技术发展阶段。空间对抗装备技术将在与导弹攻防对抗、网络攻防对抗技术的交叉与叠加中演进升级。预计2030年前后,国外将形成一个比较全面、完整和成熟的空间对抗装备体系。