空间碎片环境现状与主动移除技术

概述了空间碎片环境现状和对航天活动的影响,讨论了空间碎片主动移除对保持空间碎片环境稳定的必要性。空间碎片研究重心先从防护转向减缓,再转到主动移除,最终是清洁空间。评述了空间碎片主动移除技术现状,指出天基激光主动移除空间碎片技术具有很好的工程应用潜力。     

红外加热棒式外热流模拟器在航天器真空热试验中的性能分析

基于红外加热棒的稳态传热特性,建立了红外加热棒式外热流模拟器的计算模型,对其加热能力及效果进行计算分析。以实际红外加热棒式外热流模拟器为对象开展了试验验证,对模拟器的温度响应特点、加热能力进行了全面测试。结果表明,该种红外模拟器温度响应速度快,加热棒覆盖率、阻值可调整范围大,使得其加热能力设计灵活度高,能够适应航天器真空热试验的使用需求。     

航天飞机自动着陆技术概念研究

自动着陆段是航天飞机整个飞行任务的最后一段 ,它是指从离地高度 30 0 0m的自动着陆入口到航天飞机在跑道上着陆滑跑的这一段飞行。在自动着陆段 ,航天飞机着陆采用对基准轨迹跟踪的方式 ,就是根据预先设计好的基准轨迹 ,各模态的制导系统将航天飞机的高度误差和高度速率误差按照一定制导律得出法向加速度指令 ,去控制飞机 ,以跟踪基准轨迹。本文还阐述了速度控制、起落架着地后的俯仰速率控制、横滚改出及飞行员人工监控和接管航天飞机着陆等内容。自动着陆技术的概念研究为以后航天飞机自动着陆系统的开发提供了必要的设计思想与工程实现手段     

星载多光谱扫描仪光机结构模块化设计

文章主要叙述对星载多光谱扫描仪光机系统进行结构模块化设计的必要性、步骤以及设计结果。     

GPS自主定姿定轨技术在新一代大型静止轨道卫星上的应用

GPS技术是航天工程中具有发展前途的关键技术，是卫星自主定姿定轨高效经济的方法。新一代大型静止轨道卫星（即地球同步轨道静止卫星）上采用GPS自主定姿定轨技术能使卫星定姿定轨技术上一个新台阶。本文着重分析研究了新一代大型静止轨道卫星平台上采用GPS自主定姿定轨技术的可行性。     

圆柱体绕横轴气动力和气动热的试验研究

对圆柱体绕垂直中心轴线的横轴旋转时的气动阻力矩和气动热做了试验研究，描述了能将阻力降低８０％左右的加罩法。     

载人航天器舱内辐射剂量监测技术综述

文章介绍了美国、苏联/俄罗斯载人航天器舱内辐射剂量监测技术及部分监测结果,分析了我国“神舟3号”和“神舟4号”飞船返回舱内的辐射剂量探测技术及结果,并在此基础上就我国载人航天器的辐射剂量探测方法提出若干建议。     

低温下Whipple防护结构超高速撞击效应研究

文章研究了低温下空间碎片对典型Whipple防护结构的超高速撞击效应。首先在二级轻气炮设备上研制出使用液氮可将撞击靶冷却至-150 ℃且满足低温超高速撞击试验要求的低温装置。利用该装置开展了低温条件下的超高速撞击试验,对低温和室温两种条件下的试验结果进行了比对,并分别对缓冲屏穿孔特性、碎片云特性和后墙损伤特性之间的差异进行了分析。文章最后给出低温下典型Whipple防护结构的弹道极限曲线。     

基于相位扰动的抗有源加性复合干扰技术

针对有源加性复合干扰,研究了基于相位扰动原理的干扰抑制方法。在结合LFM信号特征的基础上,对雷达发射信号的前后脉冲分别附加近似正交的扰动相位,再通过与前一脉冲重复周期相应的匹配滤波器将复合干扰中的欺骗干扰成分加强,并对脉冲压缩结果加以"惩罚",最后采用匹配滤波逆运算恢复出目标回波信号。     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.