发动机性能的耦合优化计算

本文根据发动机整机试车结果,在测量数据较少且缺乏发动机部件特性的情况下,通过耦合建模技术和最优化技术,推测出涡扇发动机主要部件(风扇、高压压气机、高低压涡轮)的特性,建立较准确的发动机稳态工作数学模型。      

轴对称喷气式飞机后体减阻优化设计

本文通过数值计算二维轴对称雷诺平均N-S方程,采用-ωSST模型对喷气飞机后体—尾喷管的内外场进行冷态数值模拟,运用遗传算法以后体阻力系数为设计目标,在飞行马赫数Ma∞=0.6的情况下,对后体外形进行优化设计。将计算结果与实验结果进行对比,验证了在特定后体外形条件下,喷流参数变化对飞机气动性能的影响。同时,计算结果也表明优化外形能够保证后体流动不发生分离,从而降低了后体阻力。     

金属材料延性断裂韧度测试中的柔度方法研究

 对紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的柔度转动修正方法进行了研究,理清了现行柔度转动修正方法存在的问题,给出了新的转动修正方法,并提出了考虑转动效应的CT试样的裂纹嘴张开位移(CMOD,V₀)与加载线张开位移(V_LL)的转换公式。弹塑性有限元分析表明,CT试样产生刚性转动的中心并不在试样的剩余韧带中心,而是在偏靠裂纹尖端的位置;转动半径 R 基本不受材料本构关系的影响,仅与CT试样的裂纹长度a与宽度W之比(a/W)有关,从而提出了R与a/W之间的单调多项式;当裂纹尖端产生较大程度的塑性变形时,需要考虑转动效应对CT试样裂纹张开位移(COD)测量的影响, J积分的塑性功计算须采用经转动修正后的COD。采用两种延性材料Cr2Ni2MoV和16MnR对COD转换公式进行了实验验证,结果表明,基于转动分析的COD转换公式由于考虑了裂纹尖端附近区域的弹塑性变形行为,用于断裂韧性测试中的塑性功计算更加符合实际,且同实验结果符合良好;直通型紧凑拉伸(FFCT)试样的刚性转动对较大裂纹扩展情形下的J_R阻力曲线影响较大。     

Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

宽温域下柔性接头界面损伤及密封可靠性数值研究

界面失效是固体火箭发动机柔性接头的重要问题。为研究宽温域(-55℃～65℃)下柔性接头摆动过程中界面的损伤规律,基于ABAQUS 6.14建立了柔性接头的三维非线性有限元分析模型,并采用内聚力模型作为粘接界面的本构模型,获得了界面的损伤参数。此外,结合界面间的接触应力,提出了一种计算柔性接头密封可靠度的方法。结果表明,宽温域下粘接界面与丁异戊橡胶的力学性能随温度的升高而逐渐下降,说明柔性接头在高温段更容易发生失效;并且确认了柔性接头密封可靠度与界面损伤间成反比关系,宽温域下随着温度升高,柔性接头损伤程度先缓慢增大,-40℃后出现迅速增加,而柔性接头密封可靠度先呈线性下降趋势,20℃后下降趋势放缓,-55℃时柔性接头密封可靠度最大。     

SiC 多孔陶瓷的仿生合成

生物拟态SiC陶瓷以硅溶胶浸渍木材模板或其碳模板结合碳热还原法制备,模板不同的显微结构对SiC多孔陶瓷的仿生合成具有显著影响.结果表明:浸渍效果取决于模板的显气孔率、孔径大小及分布均匀性.松木的浸渍效果最好,经1次浸渍,松木模板及其碳模板的增重率分别为66.5wt％和76.8wt％.经3次浸溃—煅烧循环,松木的增重率为156.8％,累积SiO2吸收量远高于柚木和连香木.模板的显微结构、循环次数、煅烧温度影响陶瓷化程度,经3次浸渍—煅烧(1 600℃)循环,由松木生成的C/SiC模板中残碳率仅为15wt％,低于由柚木或连香木生成C/SiC模板的1/3.1 600℃煅烧4次循环后,由松木模板生成的SiC多孔陶瓷中残碳率接近零,碳细胞壁转变成SiC多孔陶瓷细胞壁,其孔隙率为71 vol％.     

电火花表面强化TC4 钛合金的组织与性能

以石墨为电极,分别在煤油和雾介质中对TC4钛合金(表面分别未涂覆及涂覆碳层)进行电火花表面强化.对强化层微观组织、相组成及显微硬度进行了研究.结果表明,所有强化层组织均呈菊花瓣状.合金表面涂覆碳层后强化层表面球状碳化物数量都较未涂覆时明显增加,且在煤油介质中得到的强化层中碳化物在花瓣边缘处聚集,雾介质条件下碳化物分布更为弥散、均匀.对强化层进行物相分析表明,强化相由电极C和基体Ti原位反应生成,强化层由基体α-Ti和TiC相组成.强化层表面显微硬度较原始TC4钛合金相比大幅提高,雾介质中得到的强化层显微硬度值与煤油介质中基本相同,可达800 MPa左右,但分布更为均匀,力学性能更稳定.     

Gaseous plume flows in space propulsion

This paper presents a gaskinetic study on high-speed, highly rarefied jets expanding into a vacuum from a cluster of planar or annular exits. Based on the corresponding exact expressions for a planar or annular jet, it is convenient to derive the combined multiple jet flowfield solutions of density and velocity components. For the combined temperature and pressure solutions, extra attention is needed. Several direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to validate these analytical solutions. The analytical and numerical solutions are essentially identical for these high Knudsen number jet flows.     

基于RBF神经网络补偿的航空发动机H_∞自适应控制研究

航空发动机控制系统是飞行器的重要机构,航空发动机存在的控制增益衰减和未建模动态等不确定性问题影响了其控制性能,为此设计将H∞自适应控制和补偿控制相结合的控制器。首先,基于混合灵敏度理论设计H∞自适应控制器;然后,基于Lyapunov 严格稳定理论设计RBF 神经网络补偿控制器对不确定性进行拟合补偿,并通过与误差相关的线性函数调整拟合速度;最后,以归一化后的航空发动机模型为被控对象进行多变量仿真试验。结果表明：本文设计的自适应控制器能够有效补偿不确定性,相比H∞控制器,超调量和调节时间都有所降低。     

卫星遥感图像信息作为姿态敏感器的应用研究

陆标敏感器可以从卫星遥感图像信息中提取卫星的姿态信息,它根据卫星实时图像与基准图像之间的偏移量,计算出卫星的姿态。对陆标敏感器的总体方案进行了设计,在图像匹配技术中采用基于区域特征的先粗匹配、后精匹配的匹配算法,在姿态确定算法中对可能达到的姿态测量精度进行了理论分析,研究表明陆标敏感器可以获得较高精度的卫星姿态信息,作为新型光学姿态敏感器具有重要的研究意义。