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51.
Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Meng Zhiguo Xu Yi Cai Zhanchuan Chen Shengbo Lian Yi Huang Hang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result. 相似文献
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为进一步深入研究喷嘴结构参数对气-气掺混燃烧特性的影响,针对氢向氧斜喷带撞击角度的气-气喷嘴开展了实验和数值模拟.实验研究了撞击角度对燃烧效率和燃烧室壁面温度的影响,数值仿真分析了撞击角度对喷注面板和氧喷嘴管壁温的影响.结果表明:随着氢向氧撞击角度的增大,推进剂燃烧效率、燃烧室壁面和氧喷嘴出口管壁面热载降低;氢向氧撞击角度的引入,增大了喷注面板热载. 相似文献
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火箭发射时其燃烧尾焰的冲击干扰效应对发射稳定性和发射架、导流槽等地面设施有重要影响。文章采用压力隐式算子分裂算法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对氢氧液体火箭发动机燃烧室内燃烧过程与尾焰流场进行了一体化数值计算,得到了火箭发射后尾焰与地面撞击产生的冲击流场。结果表明:尾焰流场计算模型、方法与结果合理;尾焰冲击干扰效应会大幅度提高地面附近的压力和温度;火箭尾焰撞击地面后,高温区出现在离地面一定距离的高温层内,此时地面附近为低速区;尾焰对其正下面的地面区域产生冲击最大,主要干扰区域集中于半径为15 m的圆形区域。 相似文献
54.
Large-scale Vacuum Vessel Design and Finite Element Analysis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The vacuum plume effects experimental system (PES) is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors. 相似文献
55.
研究了两种共面椭圆轨道最优转移方法--基于单纯推力的双脉冲对称转移和基于气动力辅助变轨技术的协同机动方法。推导了双脉冲对称转移问题中转移椭圆轨道的求解公式,采用遗传算法求解最优变轨点位置,给出了变轨脉冲的计算方法。将气动力辅助对称转移过程分为3段:真空飞行段、大气飞行段、真空飞行段。以能量最小为性能指标,将大气飞行段轨迹优化问题转化为标准最优控制问题模型,并利用Gauss伪谱法进行求解,得到“巡航+滑行+巡航+滑行”的大气最优飞行轨迹。最后对两种转移方法进行详细比较,指出初始椭圆轨道近地点越接近大气层,气动力辅助对称转移方法比双脉冲对称转移方法越节省能量。 相似文献
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This paper presents an adaptive path planner for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to adapt a real-time path search procedure to variations and fluctuations of UAVs’ relevant performances, with respect to sensory capability, maneuverability, and flight velocity limit. On the basis of a novel adaptability-involved problem statement, bi-level programming (BLP) and variable planning step techniques are introduced to model the necessary path planning components and then an adaptive path planner is developed for the purpose of adaptation and optimization. Additionally, both probabilistic-risk-based obstacle avoidance and performance limits are described as path search constraints to guarantee path safety and navigability. A discrete-search-based path planning solution, embedded with four optimization strategies, is especially designed for the planner to efficiently generate optimal flight paths in complex operational spaces, within which different surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are deployed. Simulation results in challenging and stochastic scenarios firstly demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed planner, and then verify its great adaptability and relative stability when planning optimal paths for a UAV with changing or fluctuating performances. 相似文献
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