一种临近空间太阳能无人机自主故障诊断及应急处理策略

依据临近空间高空长航时太阳能无人机的特点,提出一种适用于此类无人机的自主故障诊断及应急处理策略。具体地,构建飞控系统故障诊断体系结构及逻辑规则,综合利用单机设备的状态回报、传感器输出等信息,设计逻辑规则判定单机状态或整机的飞行状态是否异常,并结合当前的飞控模式和飞行阶段确定应急等级和相应的处理策略。从设备复杂度和处理逻辑上讲,本策略较传统无人机的应急处理策略有较大差别,是一种新型的飞控系统自主故障诊断及应急处理策略,可为太阳能无人机飞控应急系统设计提供有效参考。     

一种高精度多路温度采集方法研究

惯性平台系统是一种框架系统,主要包括平台本体、电路箱和电源箱.平台系统精度主要靠安装在平台本体的三浮陀螺和加速度计来保证.通常惯性平台的工作环境比较严酷,惯性传感器对温度有很高的敏感度,在系统正常工作时,平台内部有二级温控来保证仪表有良好的工作环境,但内部空间温度梯度变化会影响惯性传感器的精度.在温度采集过程中,铂电阻存在非线性、自热效应及热电动势等电气干扰的精度影响.采用阻值比较法,通过引入恒定激励电流来抑制温度采集电路的自热效应,并基于FPGA设计并行多通道温度采集电路.给出了系统总体设计方案、测温电路参数设计、序列激励电流控制和数字滤波补偿的具体实现方式,测试结果表明该系统可实现64路温度采集,在一定范围内测温精度能达到±0.02℃,满足精度要求.     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型及布局设计

为解决空间站在不同的构型及飞行姿态下,因太阳入射角变化大引起的太阳电池翼难以对日定向的难题,提出分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型。研究空间站构型及飞行姿态,确定采用A轴与B轴2个轴独立运转、单独控制的对日定向方式,2个轴通过桁架结构实现正交连接。在梦天实验舱单舱飞行时,A轴不动,B轴根据轨道周期跟踪太阳,通过飞行器姿态调整补偿太阳入射角的变化。组合体飞行时,B轴补偿太阳高度角,A轴根据轨道周期带动B轴与太阳电池翼共同跟踪太阳,实现双自由度对日定向。在轨飞行结果表明:在不同的舱段构型及飞行姿态下,功率通道输出功率波动幅度由60%减小到7%,分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型能够适应空间站复杂的飞行工况。     

INTESPACE试验中心为阿里安娜-V型火箭而进行的改造

文章介绍了法国宇航环境工程试验中心(INTESPACE)为满足阿里安娜-V的需要所准备进行的一系列改造.这些工作主要有:增建一个适合大型容器用的空气锁,保持厅内连续的10万级洁净度,建立一个紧凑试验区域,建造一面强效吸波墙,扩展振动设备能力以及改造原热真空设备.这些工作计划于2001年初全部完成.改造工作的完成将保证INTESPACE在独立的欧洲试验中心中继续处于领先地位.     

含能工质激光烧蚀推进效率分析

为了分析在高能脉冲激光作用下,含能工质化学能对推进性能的影响,在实验的基础上,对固体含能工质激光烧蚀推进过程中的能量效率进行了初步分析。结果表明:含能工质自身化学能在激光推进中具有重要的作用;与火箭推进方式相比,固体含能材料激光烧蚀推进方式的能量利用效率更高。     

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies--in addition to human experimentation--the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.     

"神舟"号载人飞船电源分系统的研制

根据载人航天的特点和飞船电源系统的任务,研制了"神舟"号载人飞船的电源分系统,并介绍了该分系统及其技术的特点,以及采用的安全性和可靠性技术措施。数次飞行试验结果表明,所设计的电源分系统性完全满足载人航天工程的要求。     

CO2脉冲激光与气体相互作用实验

实验研究采用波长为10.6μm的CO2脉冲激光器,N2,He,CO2等三种纯净气体及上述气体的相互混合气作为推进工质时,通过实验舱内的冲击摆装置对抛物形光船获得的冲量耦合系数Cm进行了测量。实验发现气体工质的获得的冲量耦合系数Cm随气压增高而增大,通常气体工质的分子量越大,冲量耦合系数Cm越大;在低气压条件下,分子量较大的气体所占的比例越高,混合气获得的冲量耦合系数Cm越高;在高气压条件下,混合气体工质获得的冲量耦合系数与混合气体的种类及比例密切相关。