热塑塑料在宇航结构中的应用

介绍热塑塑料及其复合物的种类和在宇航领域中的应用;其潜力能否充分挖掘取决于是否能经济有效地设计和制造这些材料.正涌现出的热塑塑料在竞争激烈的工程领域有可能满足宇航应用的要求.添加合适的纤维加强物使中空成微球状来减小密度和个电特性,“塑性”材料就能广泛应用,热塑塑料当然是其中之一.但热塑塑料也不会完全取代热固性材料,它们只是相互取长补短.     

火箭发动机安全发火装置的安全问题

本文介绍了一种新型火箭发动机安全发火装置安全问题的初步研究结果。这是一种控制指令“在线”安全发火装置,起飞前通过某些机电对接来接通作用元件的线路。从安全发火装置的构件分析和试验评估证明,偶然施加的单相或多相信号导致点火电容器的危险充电的可能性是极低的。     

Psychological countermeasures for extended manned spaceflights

The authors examine psychological issues and countermeasures in extended space flight. Individual-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include basic psychological selection and training of astronaut candidates. Crew-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include crew composition based on psychological compatibility and psychological mission preparation. Psychological inflight support measures include those that address the emotional state and well-being of astronauts, performance efficiency, and prevention of task overload. Suggestions for an integrated approach to psychological countermeasures for extended flights are presented. Case reports examine psychological selection and training of German astronauts in preparation for the STS-55 mission.     

固体推进剂断裂前的特性

前言在固体推进剂药柱中,一个通常遇到的结构问题是大断裂的发生和增长。要弄清此问题,也研究推进剂断裂前的特性。按研究大纲,分三个阶段进行理论和实验研究。本文涉及第一阶段企图做的和已完成的工作。即建立一个数学模型,将其应用于固体推进剂在应力作用下的单个断裂前的结构形式上,在聚合物系统中具有此种断裂前结构形式的谓之裂纹。同时研究了一种实验技术,用以测定在裂纹附近的位移场和应力场。     

复合固体推进剂浇入发动机时的流变学

浇铸时未固化的复合固体推进剂的流动特性是十分重要的,因为它直接关系到发动机装药的完整性。增加推进剂的固体含量,可以提高能量特性,却导致药浆的流动性变坏。固体含量高的推进剂呈现非牛顿假塑性流动特性,即表观粘度依赖于剪切应力,以及随着未固化推进剂存放时间的增长,假塑性也增加。本文介绍了在 NASA 主办下进行浇铸研究的一些情况。对浇铸过程中剪切应力的三个明显不同区域和每一区域中推进剂的流动特性,进行了讨论。叙述了推进剂组分和工艺条件的变化对表观粘度的影响和浇铸过程中形成药柱缺陷的有关流变性能的实验结果。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

具有应变梯度的复合推进剂中裂纹扩展的特性

本文研究在具有应变梯度、填充密度大的复合推进剂中裂纹扩展的特性。采用中心有楔形裂纹的双轴试样。在室温、恒定十字头速度下进行试验。考虑了两种裂纹长度。通过分析试验数据来研究初始裂纹长度和非均匀总应变场对推进剂裂纹扩展特性的影响,还研究了测量裂纹长度所用时间间隔对裂纹扩展速率计算精度的影响。