Pre-cometary ice composition from hot core chemistry

Pre-cometary ice located around star-forming regions contains molecules that are pre-biotic compounds or pre-biotic precursors. Molecular line surveys of hot cores provide information on the composition of the ice since it sublimates near these sites. We have combined a hydrostatic hot core model with a complex network of chemical reactions to calculate the time-dependent abundances of molecules, ions, and radicals. The model considers the interaction between the ice and gas phase. It is applied to the Orion hot core where high-mass star formation occurs, and to the solar-mass binary protostar system IRAS 16293-2422. Our calculations show that at the end of the hot core phase both star-forming sites produce the same prebiotic CN-bearing molecules. However, in the Orion hot core these molecules are formed in larger abundances. A comparison of the calculated values with the abundances derived from the observed line data requires a chemically unprocessed molecular cloud as the initial state of hot core evolution. Thus, it appears that these objects are formed at a much younger cloud stage than previously thought. This implies that the ice phase of the young clouds does not contain CN-bearing molecules in large abundances before the hot core has been formed. The pre-biotic molecules synthesized in hot cores cause a chemical enrichment in the gas phase and in the pre-cometary ice. This enrichment is thought to be an important extraterrestrial aspect of the formation of life on Earth and elsewhere.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN PLANAR JETS

INTRODUCTIONTurbulent jet flow is the most widely usedflow type in engineering applications especiallyfor combustion engines which provide most ener-gy sources for industrial production and trans-portation,and a large proportion of energy trans-portation and conversion processes is dominatedby transient evolution of large- scale structures,or so called coherent structures,in turbulentjets.As the flow control and optimization pro-cesses are closely related to the understanding ofdetailed in…     

Voluntary head stabilization in space during trunk movements in weightlessness

The ability to voluntarily stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations of the trunk has been investigated during parabolic flights. Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, either during phases of microgravity or phases of normal gravity. The main result to emerge from this study is that the head may be stabilized in space about the roll axis under microgravity conditions with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction of the vestibular afferent and the muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as it was previously shown [1]. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may be in fact organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a postural body scheme.     

利用基于卡尔曼的平均位移估值器进行多目标探测

本文研究了利用由卡尔曼平均位移估值器所获得的位移估值中的异常物来探测前视红外（ＦＬＩＲ）场景中的多目标（获得回波）问题。由目标产生的初始位移估值与（多个被测目标）回波相关联，从而获得目标新的位置估值。为实现多目标跟踪，此过程对场景中的所有目标均可重复。本文还考查了位移估值期望值与迭代次数的函数关系以及位移误差协方差矩阵和卡尔曼增益矩阵与迭代次数的函数关系。     

DAIS航空电子软件研制技术

软件研制技术的主要目的是产生正确的工作软件.把本文提供的技术应用于一个完整的软件工程研制计划时,可降低产品的价格和寿命期费用,同时保持了高可靠性。空军 DAIS 计划担负着降低军用航空电子系统的研制、维护和寿命期费用的任务.DAIS 系统提供了一种硬件配置,该配置便于硬件维修、更换和增长.高级软件(HOS)提供一种产生高可靠性软件的方法,此软件是建立在一种高级的设计和开发基础上的.HOS 原理应用于 DAIS 系统,产生了标准的航空电子软件设计和管理方法,该设计方法建立了一个与 DAIS 目标相一致的软件结构标准;该管理方法提供了一种严格受控的、安排很好的软件开发过程,该过程受配置管理方案、开发和验证方法及自动生成文件支持。这里没有给出另一些软件费用因素是:软件的获得过程、人力的安排和组织、航空电子系统方案和支援软件的可移植性。这些费用因素是重要的,因为处理得不合理时,有时会发挥不出好的开发技术的益处。本文假定这些因素不影响 DAIS 航空电子软件所使用的技术。     

美国陆军白沙导弹靶场动目标分辨技术的开发

“动目标分辨”(TMR)是指为了从现有测量雷达设备中提取更多更好信息的高度专用的软件和处理方法的总称。在美国陆军白沙靶场,TMR正在彻底改变C波段相干测量雷达系统的用途以及人们对该系统的看法。只需要对雷达稍作花钱不多的改造,就可以实现一种技术,用以测得精密的弹道参数,获得目标相对于重心的运动以及相对于雷达的定向,而且可以检测目标发生的各种事件,如主发动机关机,导弹分离,弹头爆炸,以及子弹头释放等等。     

高效率负反馈交流稳压器

采用负反馈方式达到高效率的交流稳压器已经实现。这种设备用在交流电源上具有优良的调整率和相当大的输出功率。如采用一特殊电路,更容易使实际效率高达95%,而电压调整率达到0.02%。这种典型的交流稳压器已制出,如图8所示,当输入的电源电压Vin在115伏到140伏(有效值)之间变化时,在137欧的负载电阻上,输出50赫兹111伏(有效值)的交流电压,其输出功率为90瓦。当输入的电源电压在下限时,稳压器的总效率为96.5%;当输入的电源电压在上限时,稳压器的总效率下降到79.3%,平均效率为88%。输入电压波动25伏时,输出电压仅变化0.1伏(有效值),所以得到的调整率为0.4%。这种线路除了作为稳压器用在电视机、电冰箱和小电机等设备上外,还可作为一种控制部件用在其他许多设备上,如调温器、调速器等。     

微型机和大型机的基准程序测试结果(IBM微机和DEC VAX机的性能测试)

三种通用基准程序——Whetstone,Dhrystone,和Sieve都可运行在IBMPC机,IBM PC/AT机,VAX11/785和VAX8600计算机上。结果表明,不同基准程序所预测的计算机性能有很大的差异