传递对准的设计与评价

本文提出了一种用于先进动能导弹（ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｓ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｍｉｓｓｉｌｅｓ－ＡＤ－ＫＥＭＳ）的快速稳健传递对准系统的设计。由于ＡＤＫＥＭ有高加速度和较短的拦截时间，导弹的从惯性测量装置（１ＭＵ）同地面发射车的主ＩＭＵ对准必须以高精度在短时间内完成。本文提出的传递对准系统设计的内容包括惯笥制导精度的评价，传递对准方程，环境试验仿真，机动方案评价，系统误差分析，比较研究，以及滤     

利用GPS射频多普勒确定低轨地球卫星的轨道

本文研究了使用这样一种GPS测量值——双差分GPS射频多普勒确定低轨地球卫星的轨道。该测量值很容易获得,而且不受时钟误差的影响,还可对用户卫星连续定轨。分析表明:使用18颗GPS卫星的星座和13个地面站,在两小时跟踪后,可使1300km高度用户星(TOPEX)的定轨精度达5cm。考察了使用少于13个地面站的影响,不同求解方法的影响以及引入虚假推力参数以减小重力模型误差(主要误差源之一)的影响。     

导电盒上单极天线的方向图

系统地研究安装于接地平面上的立方体导电盒顶面上的单极天线的方向图的确定方法.对单极天线位置和导电盒电尺寸的影响与在平直接地平面上测量得到的类似方向图作了比较.还将试验结果同用矩插入码方法得到的数字预测值进行了比较.     

Initial moments of adaptation to microgravity of human orientation behavior, in parabolic flight conditions

The first ethological studies of astronauts' adaptation to microgravity dealt with the behavioral strategies observed during short-term space missions. No attempts had however been made to consider the initial moments of adaptation dynamics, when the subject is first submitted to conditions allowing body orientations in the full three dimensions of space. The present experimental approach was both longitudinal and transversal. It consisted of analysing, during a goal-directed orientation task in parabolic flight, the orientation behavior of 12 subjects with a past experience of 0, 30 or more than 300 parabolas. During each microgravity phase, the subjects were asked to orientate their bodies and touch, with the dominant hand, four coloured targets arranged inside the aircraft.

Results showed that for inexperienced subjects, the time between two target contacts was longer than experienced subjects. They often failed to reach all targets in the series during the first parabolas. They showed right-left confusion and a preference for the “up-down” vertical body orientation. Their performance, described by the efficiency of orientation in all three dimensions, improved over time and according to the level of experience. The results are discussed for the spontaneous, preliminary and integrative stages of adaptation, emphasizing new relationships between the body references and those of the surroundings. Such experiences lead the subject to develop a new mental representation of space.     

Ground-based simulations of cosmic ray heavy ion interactions in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials

This paper surveys some recent accelerator-based measurements of the nuclear fragmentation of high energy nuclei in shielding and tissue-equivalent materials. These data are needed to make accurate predictions of the radiation field produced at depth in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials and in the human body by heavy charged particles in the galactic cosmic radiation. Projectile-target combinations include 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe incident on aluminum and graphite and 600 MeV/nucleon 56Fe and 290 MeV/nucleon 12C on polyethylene. We present examples of the dependence of fragmentation on material type and thickness, of a comparison between data and a fragmentation model, and of multiple fragments produced along the beam axis.     

Analysis of the pre-flight and post-flight calibration procedures performed on the Liulin space radiation dosimeter

Liulin, a dosimetry-radiometry system, was developed to satisfy the requirements for active flux and dose rate measurements for the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut in 1988. The system consists of a compact battery-operated silicon solid state detector unit and a read/write microcomputer and telemetry unit. We describe the pre-flight calibrations with charged particles, using radioactive sources and accelerated 170 MeV/nucleon proton and alpha particles at the Dubna, Russia cyclotron. We discuss comparisons with data obtained on Mir with the French-built tissue equivalent LET spectrometer NAUSICAA. Lastly, we describe post-flight calibrations performed with 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS accelerator, where the instrument was mounted in tandem with several thin position-sensitive silicon detectors behind a stopping target. The silicon detectors provided an energy spectrum for the surviving charged nuclear fragments for which the flux and absorbed dose were recorded by Liulin.     

高空长续航力传感器平台的大面积气动控制

文章对大面积气动控制方案在高空长续航力（HALE）传感器平台上的应用进行了研究。主要集中在联合翼飞行器上。这种飞行器具有主流高空长续航力飞行器所具有的两个典型的性能缺陷。第一个是由于这种布局产生的很大的转动阻尼导致在着陆时的最小的转动速率。它显示多点分布的控制面有助于满足转动速率要求。第二个是起飞总重对于最大升阻比的敏感性。设想的任务需求推动燃料比例达到一个很高的水平，升阻比小幅变化导致燃油需求减少进而大幅减少飞行器重量。这表明用于满足转动需求的技术也可以用于主动控制巡航中的扭转和弯度，并对飞行器的重量和续航力有适度的影响。     

发动机制造商为获得更多市场份额而战

大型商用飞机发动机市场由GE、普惠和罗-罗三大发动机公司垄断,他们之间的竟争激烈,普惠公司在这一市场竞争中的实力有所削弱。GE公司在支线飞机动力市场竞争中处于优势,该公司的CF34取得了较多市场份额。涡桨发动机虽然在民用飞机动力市场的份额正在减少,但在军用教练机上仍有一定的市场。普惠公司的F119已投入小批量生产,F135也已被选用作JSF的动力