航空发动机闭环起动系统设计及试验验证

针对某型航空发动机在使用过程中存在的地面起动性能不佳、需要频繁调整和空中起动边界较小的问题,提出一种在开环起动系统的基础上叠加供油修正系统后形成闭环起动系统的方法。在保证燃油接口不变的约束下,通过借用原有油源及增加电液转换指令相结合的方式改进设计了一种带燃油流量修正功能的起动装置,利用数字电子控制器的计算能力,采用基于转速升高率的PID控制算法实现了发动机的闭环起动。结果表明：在平原机场地面起动成功率达到99.8%,在高原机场地面起动不经调整或经过1次适应性调整就能保证发动机可靠起动,空中惯性起动包线左扩100 km/h,空中风车起动包线左扩50 km/h,大幅度提高了发动机的起动成功率,有效减少了因大气温度或海拔高度变化进行调整的工作。     

光伏发电系统中高升压比DC-DC变换器

光伏发电作为太阳能的重要应用方式正受到越来越广泛的关注,普遍采用前级DC-DC变换和后级逆变的结构。单相逆变器的输出电压通常为220 V(AC),这就要求前级DC-DC变换器具有很高的升压比。由于单级式DC-DC变换器难以满足要求,本文采用Boost变换器加ZVS全桥直流变压器的两级式结构。针对ZVS全桥直流变压器的不足,将LLC谐振网络应用于全桥直流变压器电路,提出了一种全桥LLC谐振直流变压器,从而实现整个负载范围内开关管的ZVS和整流二极管的ZCS。最后,分别制作了两台1 kW的原理样机进行实验验证,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

绕任意轴旋转的管道流动和换热特性研究

当管道绕任意轴旋转时，管道内的轴向速度分布发生改变，截面上产生二次流动，管道的对流换热特性将引起变化。本文对绕任意轴旋转的管道流动与换热进行了数值模拟，研究结果表明：绕任意轴旋转管道内的对流换热特性主要由Re（雷诺数），Ro(Rossby数），Pr（普朗特数）数，和α（旋转轴与管道轴线的夹角）四个参数决定。文中分析了在不同情况下流场结构与摩擦系数比以及温度场与管道Nu数比率随Re数和Ro数的变化规律，为工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

Macrosegregation during crystal growth in horizontal bridgman boat

This paper is devoted to direct numerical simulation of the fluid flow and macrosegregation in horizontal Bridgman systems. Results concerning the fluid flows at Pr=0 and Pr=0.015 are given for various values of Gr and in situation where the melt-crystal interface is at rest. Practical laws concerning the behaviour of the mass transport and the level of inhomogeneity in the cavity are derived. The effects of some parameters such as Gr, Sc and the pulling speed on the concentration repartition in the two phases melt and crystal are studied and the average concentration in the crystal is shown for various situations.     

冷阴极电离真空计校准方法研究

主要介绍了冷阴极电离真空计结构、工作原理及冷阴极电离真空计的校准方法和校准装置,并对校准数据进行了处理。由于冷阴极电离真空计为非线性真空计,通过比较,校准结果采用了校准曲线的方式,可提高校准的准确度,减小校准不确定度,保证真空测量的可靠性。     

Wake vortex encounter severity for rotorcraft in final approach

The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) predicts that European air traffic may nearly triple by 2020. The growth in air traffic is already an increasing problem with capacity at some airports becoming limited due to congestion. This could be alleviated by providing additional passenger capacity at hubs through the introduction of rotorcraft using new IFR procedures and operating simultaneously but independently of the fixed-wing traffic. These Simultaneous Non-Interfering Operations (SNIOps) will be enabled by a ‘reconfiguration’ of the airspace, taking advantage of new navigational and air traffic management systems. SNIOp's raise critical safety questions for rotorcraft wake vortex encounters (WVE's) and will require consideration of the longitudinal and lateral aircraft separation and the locations of the rotorcraft FATO's (Final Approach and Take-Off areas). This paper presents analysis from work carried out as part of the Framework 6 project ‘OPTIMAL’ including the development of predictive methodology and analysis for rotorcraft WVE's, using a severity rating scale. In particular, scenarios are considered where the rotorcraft is following precision glideslopes of up to 12° in both good and degraded visual conditions. Handling qualities criteria have already been found to be well suited to investigating severity of an encounter. Within this framework, draft boundaries are proposed for assessing the severity of an encounter. Furthermore, the results have shown a pilot may be able to recover from an encounter, but the question of whether the required navigational precision would be compromised and a go-around required is also addressed.     

一种用于静态红外地球敏感器的高效算法

为提高微纳卫星的姿态检测效果,针对静态红外地球敏感器的全景鱼眼成像特点,以单张红外成像为研究对象建立成像模型,提出了间隔向量积与t Location-Scale分布置信区间均值结合的算法。将红外成像投影到空间球体上形成空间像点环;在像点环上间隔取点做向量积,得到当前目标姿态角的样本集合;通过t Location-Scale分布进行极大似然估计,得到目标姿态角样本均值和方差的估计量;再次计算1σ置信区间内样本均值,最终得到目标姿态角的估计值。相比于原算法,目标姿态角在±10°内的标准差由0.06°下降为0.03°,精度提高了50%。另外为避免迭代收敛的耗时问题,给出了应用于实际工程的查表法,使运算速度提高了87%,提升了静态红外地球敏感器的测量精度和效率。     

逆轨拦截机动目标的三维最优制导律

以大气层内导弹逆轨拦截高速机动目标为背景,本文运用最优控制和双曲正切函数设计带角度约束的三维最优制导律。分别假设导弹弹道倾角和弹道偏角保持瞬时恒定,将三维制导分解为两个相互垂直平面内的二维制导。考虑导弹速度时变的情况,建立带角度约束的制导方程。设计一种双曲正切函数的变种,并将其设为脱靶量和角度约束的权重系数,根据极小值原理推导了最优制导律的解析表达式。双曲正切函数变种的引入,使得制导律对脱靶量和角度约束的要求是逐渐增强的,可以解决传统最优制导律初始段过载指令过大的问题。仿真结果表明了该制导律的有效性。     

变速变姿态下飞机燃油体积解算技术

为准确测量飞机不规则油箱内的燃油体积,在传统的查表插值法基础上,提出了基于等效传感器的自适应步长切割法（ASCM）,用于建立燃油质量特性数据库,通过引入等效传感器概念,实现了不同姿态下多传感器的信息融合;该方法根据切片截面积的变化率调整切割步长,从而减小了燃油体积解算时的插值误差;利用多传感器的输出值实现了燃油平面的最小二乘（LMS）拟合,当有效传感器较少时,再结合等效燃油平面姿态角拟合燃油平面,消除了加速度对燃油平面的影响;对传统的三维查表插值法进行改进,减小了由于燃油平面姿态角插值引起的误差。基于UG二次开发,设计了燃油体积解算平台。实际油箱CAD仿真验证结果表明:该方法所建的数据库数据规模小,燃油解算速度快,实现了加速度和姿态误差修正,并减小了差值误差,进一步提高了燃油的测量精度。