发汗冷却喷管在火箭发动机上的应用

较系统地介绍了发汗冷却的机理和发汗冷却研究的发展历程，说明了发汗喷管不同研究阶段的典型结构，并重点阐述了可望很快应用于工程上的发汗喷管结构，同时列出了发汗喷管计算中关键技术－热量交换的有关数学模型和各参数的取值。指出了近期需要开展的工作。     

信号采集卫星系统星地资源快速调度优化方法

针对信号采集卫星系统中,采集目标的优先级和携带的信息量在星地资源调度过程中不断随时间变化的特点,提出了一种基于二次映射编码的动态调度差分演化算法（QMDSDE）。算法将采集目标的优先级和携带的信息量进行加权,作为采集的收益。在迭代求解时,根据卫星可见时间窗口的周期性特点设置固定的检测频率,以当前时刻所有目标收益的平均值和敏感系数的乘积作为检测环境变化的阈值。当检测算子的值大于阈值时,算法通过前向预测模型动态调整搜索方向,寻找问题的实时Pareto最优解。算法采用二次映射编码消除星地资源组合中的无效解,降低了算法的搜索空间,提高了算法的求解速度。经仿真校验,该方法在信号采集过程中,可以得到收益较好的星地资源调度方案,且具备较快的收敛速度。     

Macrosegregation during crystal growth in horizontal bridgman boat

This paper is devoted to direct numerical simulation of the fluid flow and macrosegregation in horizontal Bridgman systems. Results concerning the fluid flows at Pr=0 and Pr=0.015 are given for various values of Gr and in situation where the melt-crystal interface is at rest. Practical laws concerning the behaviour of the mass transport and the level of inhomogeneity in the cavity are derived. The effects of some parameters such as Gr, Sc and the pulling speed on the concentration repartition in the two phases melt and crystal are studied and the average concentration in the crystal is shown for various situations.     

Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

冷阴极电离真空计校准方法研究

主要介绍了冷阴极电离真空计结构、工作原理及冷阴极电离真空计的校准方法和校准装置,并对校准数据进行了处理。由于冷阴极电离真空计为非线性真空计,通过比较,校准结果采用了校准曲线的方式,可提高校准的准确度,减小校准不确定度,保证真空测量的可靠性。     

Stark widths of Ar III spectral lines in the atmospheres of subdwarf B stars

Using semiclassical perturbation approach in impact approximation, we have calculated Stark widths for 32 spectral lines of doubly charged argon (Ar III). Oscillator strengths are calculated using Hartree–Fock method with relativistic correction (HFR) and an atomic model including 17 configurations. Energy levels are taken from NIST database. For perturbing levels for which the corresponding energy does not exist in NIST database, the calculated energies are used. Our widths are compared with the experimental results. The results presented here are of interest for modelling and investigation of stellar atmospheres since argon in different ionization stages is observed in many astrophysical objects. Finally, the importance of Stark broadening mechanism is studied in the atmospheric conditions of sdB stars. Electron impact Stark widths are compared to thermal Doppler widths as a function of temperature and optical depth of atmospheric layers.     

基于双向流固耦合方法的柔性变结构喷管性能分析

为研究柔性变结构喷管的高度补偿潜力,本项研究利用ANSYS平台,基于双向流固耦合方法,对柔性变结构锥型喷管进行数值模拟,分析了飞行高度和柔性材料的弹性模量对喷管性能的影响。模拟结果表明,随着飞行高度的升高,柔性喷管变形加剧,喷管内部流场呈现出膨胀波-激波-膨胀波的波系特征,喷管柔性段的最大型面变形量和壁面最大应力逐渐增大。当材料弹性模量大于100 MPa时,喷管柔性段型面变形对流场的影响将可以忽略。研究显示,该柔性喷管的低空比冲显著高于传统喷管,高空比冲仅略低于传统喷管,其6 km设计高度下较传统喷管有1.462%的高度积分比冲增益。     

World Space Congress: a vision quest

The World Space Congress (WSC) in October, 2002, brought together luminaries, aerospace engineers, students, and scientists to discuss strategies for reviving the world's space agency. WSC lectures and plenary sessions focused on future research in space. Among topics discussed are the use of the Hubble Space Telescope to scan for habitable planets and obtain data about the beginning of the universe, new weather satellites, planetary protection from comets or asteroids, exploration and establishment of colonies on the Moon and Mars, medical advances, the role of space exploration in the world economy.     

一种用于静态红外地球敏感器的高效算法

为提高微纳卫星的姿态检测效果,针对静态红外地球敏感器的全景鱼眼成像特点,以单张红外成像为研究对象建立成像模型,提出了间隔向量积与t Location-Scale分布置信区间均值结合的算法。将红外成像投影到空间球体上形成空间像点环;在像点环上间隔取点做向量积,得到当前目标姿态角的样本集合;通过t Location-Scale分布进行极大似然估计,得到目标姿态角样本均值和方差的估计量;再次计算1σ置信区间内样本均值,最终得到目标姿态角的估计值。相比于原算法,目标姿态角在±10°内的标准差由0.06°下降为0.03°,精度提高了50%。另外为避免迭代收敛的耗时问题,给出了应用于实际工程的查表法,使运算速度提高了87%,提升了静态红外地球敏感器的测量精度和效率。     

星用第三代铼/铱材料490 N发动机研制进展

提高轨控发动机的真空比冲可以有效减少卫星变轨推进剂的消耗量,从而延长卫星的在轨工作寿命或增加有效载荷质量。介绍了我国在研的卫星用第三代铼/铱材料490 N发动机设计方案、技术攻关和试验情况,对工程化应用存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了改进和优化方案。在第二代490 N发动机的设计基础上,第三代490 N发动机成功攻克了可靠传热稳定工作喷注器、高性能喷注器与燃烧室匹配以及新型高温抗氧化材料制备等关键技术,真空比冲提高了10 s,达到325 s。两台发动机均通过了25 000 s鉴定级高空模拟热试车寿命考核,性能指标达到国际先进水平。但是针对试车子样数较少和铼/铱燃烧室制备工艺困难的问题,仍需进一步开展铼基体和铱涂层的高温性能研究,并继续优化发动机设计。