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921.
T.A. Jacobsen J. Tr∅im B.N. Maehlum M. Friedrich 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(2):123-127
A “mother-daughter” rocket code-named “Electron 2” was launched from And?ya, Northern Norway in November, 1978. The “daughter”, carrying a 10 keV electron accelerator, was separated from the “mother” payload with a speed of 0.4 m/s. A series of plasma diagnostic instruments were included on the “mother” to study effects produced by the interaction between the electron beam and the ionospheric plasma. Results obtained by two different plasma probes are presented. It was found that pronounced changes in the ambient electron population took place in regions penetrated by the electron beam. Estimates of the dimensions of the disturbed region are presented. 相似文献
922.
E.N. Vaulina I.D. Anikeeva L.N. Kostina I.G. Kogan L.R. Palmbakh A.L. Mashinsky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(14):163-169
The effect of weightlessness on chromosomal aberration frequency in preflight irradiated seeds, on the viability, fertility and mutation frequency in , and on the frequency of nondisjunction and loss of X chromosomes in preflight irradiated gametes was studied aboard the Salyut 6 orbital station. The following effects were observed: a flight-time dependent amplification of the effects of preflight -irradiation in . with respect to all the parameters studied; unequal effects in seeds and seedlings of ; and a significant increase in the frequency of nondisjunction and loss of chromosomes during meiosis in females. These observations are discussed in terms of the data of ground-based model experiments and flight experiments with a different time of exposure of objects to weightlessness. An attempt is made to elucidate the role of weightlessness in the modification of ionizing radiation effects. 相似文献
923.
Stüeken E. E. Som S. M. Claire M. Rugheimer S. Scherf M. Sproß L. Tosi N. Ueno Y. Lammer H. 《Space Science Reviews》2020,216(3):1-17
Space Science Reviews - The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission makes measurements in near-Earth space that provide knowledge of the state of the ionosphere. From the vantage of... 相似文献
924.
Results of modeling the time behavior of the D st index at the main phase of 93 geomagnetic storms (?250 < D st ≤ ?50 nT) caused by different types of solar wind (SW) streams: magnetic clouds (MC, 10 storms), corotating interaction regions (CIR, 31 storms), the compression region before interplanetary coronal ejections (Sheath before ICME, 21 storms), and “pistons” (Ejecta, 31 storms) are presented. The “Catalog of Large-Scale Solar Wind Phenomena during 1976–2000” (ftp://ftp.iki.rssi.ru/pub/omni/) created on the basis of the OMNI database was the initial data for the analysis. The main phase of magnetic storms is approximated by a linear dependence on the main parameters of the solar wind: integral electric field sumEy, dynamic pressure P d , and fluctuation level sB in IMF. For all types of SW, the main phase of magnetic storms is better modeled by individual values of the approximation coefficients: the correlation coefficient is high and the standard deviation between the modeled and measured values of D st is low. The accuracy of the model in question is higher for storms from MC and is lower by a factor of ~2 for the storms from other types of SW. The version of the model with the approximation coefficients averaged over SW type describes worse variations of the measured D st index: the correlation coefficient is the lowest for the storms caused by MC and the highest for the Sheath- and CIR-induced storms. The model accuracy is the highest for the storms caused by Ejecta and, for the storms caused by Sheath, is a factor of ~1.42 lower. Addition of corrections for the prehistory of the development of the beginning of the main phase of the magnetic storm improves modeling parameters for all types of interplanetary sources of storms: the correlation coefficient varies within the range from r = 0.81 for the storms caused by Ejecta to r = 0.85 for the storms caused by Sheath. The highest accuracy is for the storms caused by MC. It is, by a factor of ~1.5, lower for the Sheath-induced storms. 相似文献
925.
A. V. Shchukin A. V. Il’inkov S. G. Dezider’ev S. N. Ivanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2013,56(4):384-389
This paper reports the results of an experimental study of heat transfer using a model of the internal cooled surface of the turbine blade leading edge. We investigated a joint action of air jets and hemispherical protrusions on heat transfer from the concave surface of the leading edge model to air. 相似文献
926.
A.S. Laxmiprasad V.L.N. Sridhar Raja Surya Menon Adwaita Goswami M.V.H. Rao K.A. Lohar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 1010 W/cm2 on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface. 相似文献
927.
S.N.V.S. Prasad P.V.S. Rama RaoD.S.V.V.D. Prasad K. VenkateshK. Niranjan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The Total Electron Content (TEC) from four locations in the Indian sector namely, Trivandrum (8.47°N, 76.91°E, Geomag.0.63°S, 0.3° dip), Waltair (17.7° N, 83.3°E, Geomag. 6.4°N, 20° dip), Bhopal (23.28°N, 77.34°E, Geomag.14.26°N, 33.2° dip), and Delhi (28.58°N, 77.21°E, Geomag.19.2°N, 43.4° dip) during a low sunspot year of 2004 are used to study the variabilities of the TEC. The day time TEC values are higher over Waltair and Bhopal compared to those at Trivandrum and Delhi. Considerable day-to-day variations in the diurnal values of TEC are observed at the anomaly crest locations. The observed GPS-TEC has been compared with the IRI-2007 model derived TEC considering three different options (IRI-2001, IRI-2001 corrected and Ne-Quick) available in the model for the topside electron density. The TEC derived with Ne-Quick and IRI-01 corrected options show better agreement with GPS-TEC while the TEC from IRI-01 method shows larger deviations. From the correlation analysis carried out between TEC value at 1300 h LT and solar indices parameters namely sunspot number (SSN), F10.7 and EUV, it is observed that the correlation is more during equinoctial months and less during summer months. The correlation coefficients observed over the anomaly locations, Bhopal and Delhi are lower compared to those at Trivandrum and Waltair. 相似文献
928.
J. Semkova R. Koleva St. Maltchev N. Bankov V. Benghin I. Chernykh V. Shurshakov V. Petrov S. Drobyshev I. Nikolaev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS. 相似文献
929.
930.
Yu. G. Markov M. V. Mikhailov V. V. Perepelkin V. N. Pochukaev S. N. Rozhkov A. S. Semenov 《Cosmic Research》2016,54(2):155-163
The necessity of taking many force components disturbing spacecraft (SC) orbits into account is demonstrated for the example of forecasts of GLONASS ephemerides. The disturbances of SCs in high-earth orbits (HEO) and low-earth orbits (LEO) are systematized, and the degree of their effect on SC motion is estimated. Disturbance models are developed that provide essential increases of the accuracy of one-day forecasts of GLONASS and GPS ephemerides. Modeling results are presented that allow, depending on the required accuracy of SC orbit forecasts, the determination of the necessary list of disturbances included in the model. 相似文献