起落架坠毁性能计算研究

对目前国内外起落架坠毁性能计算情况进行了分析,针对分析中发现的一些问题和疑问,对起落架坠毁性能计算中轮胎压死后计算和起落架结构刚度影响两个问题进行了研究,通过研究确定起落架结构刚度是起落架坠毁性能计算不可忽略的重要因素。     

Substrate limitation for methanogenesis in hypersaline environments

Motivated by the increasingly abundant evidence for hypersaline environments on Mars and reports of methane in its atmosphere, we examined methanogenesis in hypersaline ponds in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and in northern California, USA. Methane-rich bubbles trapped within or below gypsum/halite crusts have δ13C values near -40‰. Methane with these relatively high isotopic values would typically be considered thermogenic; however, incubations of crust samples resulted in the biological production of methane with similar isotopic composition. A series of measurements aimed at understanding the isotopic composition of methane in hypersaline systems was therefore undertaken. Methane production rates, as well as the concentrations and isotopic composition of the particulate organic carbon (POC), were measured. Methane production was highest from microbial communities living within gypsum crusts, whereas POC content at gypsum/halite sites was low, generally less than 1% of the total mass. The isotopic composition of the POC ranged from -26‰ to -10‰. To determine the substrates used by the methanogens, 13C-labeled methylamines, methanol, acetate, and bicarbonate were added to individual incubation vials, and the methane produced was monitored for 13C content. The main substrates used by the methanogens were the noncompetitive substrates, the methylamines, and methanol. When unlabeled trimethylamine (TMA) was added to incubating gypsum/halite crusts in increasing concentrations, the isotopic composition of the methane produced became progressively lower; the lowest methane δ13C values occurred when the most TMA was added (1000 μM final concentration). This decrease in the isotopic composition of the methane produced with increasing TMA concentrations, along with the high in situ methane δ13C values, suggests that the methanogens within the crusts are operating at low substrate concentrations. It appears that substrate limitation is decreasing isotopic fractionation during methanogenesis, which results in these abnormally high biogenic methane δ13C values.     

星载SAR辐射定标及其精度分析

随着星载合成孔径雷达（SAR)应用需求的发展,为了观测目标的物理特征,可以利用辐射定标技术获取更加精确的目标后向散射系数信息。主要完成单通道单极化条带成像模式下辐射定标及其精度分析,首先从雷达方程出发,进行严格的数学推导研究单通道单极化条带模式辐射定标技术;其次给出通过对已知雷达散射截面积的目标的观测,得到SAR图像上的灰度值与绝对的雷达散射截面积之间的关系;采用测量定标常数的方法,并基于辐射定标流程建立辐射精度误差模型和计算公式,重点研究了短期相对定标和长期相对定标中各因素对精度的影响。而且针对定标常数对绝对定标精度的影响给出了详细说明,指出星载SAR系统需要定期地完成系统修正。最后以TerraSAR-X卫星为例进行了计算验证,结果表明辐射精度预估值与实测值相差小于0.05 dB。     

Petrographic criteria for recognizing certain types of impact spherules in well-preserved precambrian successions

Impact spherule layers in sedimentary successions can open a new window on large impacts to complement the better-known record of terrestrial craters. At least six spherule layers have been found in well-preserved late Archean to Paleoproterozoic strata, and a growing body of geochemical evidence indicates they are impact ejecta. The most distinctive characteristics of these impact spherules are: (1) a predominance of highly spherical grains; (2) the presence of grains with unusual shapes such as teardrops and dumbbells; (3) fibroradial aggregates of K-feldspar crystals nucleated on the edges of spherules; and (4) clear internal spots representing both cement-filled vesicles and replaced glass cores, which, in contrast to the nuclei of ooids and armored lapilli, are not always located in the centers of the spherules. These characteristics permit the reliable differentiation of these impact spherules from spheroidal particles of other origins, such as sedimentary ooids or volcanic accretionary lapilli, often with just a hand lens. However, petrographic identification becomes progressively more difficult as the spherules become smaller or more altered. Moreover, impact spherules in other layers of other ages sometimes have different textures, so the ones described here are not representative of all types of impact spherules. They are provided as a starting point for researchers interested in identifying impact spherule layers. Given the visible record of impacts on the Moon and the much greater mass of the Earth, there should be many more impact spherule layers on Earth than have been discovered to date.     

歼七E型飞机前襟拉杆耳环断裂及预防

本文针对部队发生有前襟拉杆断裂故障,对前襟拉杆断裂的故障原因进行了充分的理论分析和试验验证,找出了原拉杆在设计结构形式、材料、工艺方面的缺陷,提出了用标准关节轴承代替杆端关节轴承、以30CrMnSiA代替38CrMoAlA等改进设计方案,大大提高了其抗疲劳性、抗腐蚀性和维护性,彻底解决了拉杆断裂的故障,并确保了新设计的前襟操纵拉杆与机体同寿,在我国歼击机前、后缘机动襟翼操纵系统设计上处于领先地位,并达到世界同类飞机水平。     

光速不变原理在相对论中的作用

本文首先通过速度附加定律的推导阐述了“光速不变原理”在狭义相对论中的作用,然后从公理化体系着手推导出洛仑兹变换式,从而进一步说明“光速不变原理”的作用。     

基于FPGA实现的NCO及其应用

文章讨论了基于FPGA实现NCO过程中应该注意的一些问题,以及在此基础上的DDS、FSK调制及扫频电路的实现。对这些在FPGA设计过程中的问题所做的剖析,可供大家参考,也有利于对设计进行权衡处理及大大节省资源。     

CVI SiC涂层对碳泡沫性能影响

通过化学气相沉积法在柔性碳泡沫骨架上沉积生长碳化硅涂层,研究碳化硅涂层对泡沫材料的力学性能以及隔热性能的影响。利用SEM、XRD、压汞仪、电子万能试验机及导热分析仪分别对碳泡沫复合碳化硅涂层前后的微观形貌、物相组成、孔隙结构、抗压强度及导热系数进行测试。结果表明,碳泡沫骨架表面生长β-碳化硅涂层,随着碳化硅厚度增大:三维泡沫骨架结构存在的孔隙尺寸减小,孔隙率从99.68%下降至58.39%;泡沫试样压缩特性由类弹性形变转变为塑性形变,压缩强度从0.02MPa增至3.14MPa;单位热量传递截面积增大,传热量增大,试样导热系数从0.026 W/(m·K)升高至0.101 W/(m·K)。