起落架坠毁性能计算研究

对目前国内外起落架坠毁性能计算情况进行了分析,针对分析中发现的一些问题和疑问,对起落架坠毁性能计算中轮胎压死后计算和起落架结构刚度影响两个问题进行了研究,通过研究确定起落架结构刚度是起落架坠毁性能计算不可忽略的重要因素。     

Substrate limitation for methanogenesis in hypersaline environments

Motivated by the increasingly abundant evidence for hypersaline environments on Mars and reports of methane in its atmosphere, we examined methanogenesis in hypersaline ponds in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and in northern California, USA. Methane-rich bubbles trapped within or below gypsum/halite crusts have δ13C values near -40‰. Methane with these relatively high isotopic values would typically be considered thermogenic; however, incubations of crust samples resulted in the biological production of methane with similar isotopic composition. A series of measurements aimed at understanding the isotopic composition of methane in hypersaline systems was therefore undertaken. Methane production rates, as well as the concentrations and isotopic composition of the particulate organic carbon (POC), were measured. Methane production was highest from microbial communities living within gypsum crusts, whereas POC content at gypsum/halite sites was low, generally less than 1% of the total mass. The isotopic composition of the POC ranged from -26‰ to -10‰. To determine the substrates used by the methanogens, 13C-labeled methylamines, methanol, acetate, and bicarbonate were added to individual incubation vials, and the methane produced was monitored for 13C content. The main substrates used by the methanogens were the noncompetitive substrates, the methylamines, and methanol. When unlabeled trimethylamine (TMA) was added to incubating gypsum/halite crusts in increasing concentrations, the isotopic composition of the methane produced became progressively lower; the lowest methane δ13C values occurred when the most TMA was added (1000 μM final concentration). This decrease in the isotopic composition of the methane produced with increasing TMA concentrations, along with the high in situ methane δ13C values, suggests that the methanogens within the crusts are operating at low substrate concentrations. It appears that substrate limitation is decreasing isotopic fractionation during methanogenesis, which results in these abnormally high biogenic methane δ13C values.     

星载SAR辐射定标及其精度分析

随着星载合成孔径雷达（SAR)应用需求的发展,为了观测目标的物理特征,可以利用辐射定标技术获取更加精确的目标后向散射系数信息。主要完成单通道单极化条带成像模式下辐射定标及其精度分析,首先从雷达方程出发,进行严格的数学推导研究单通道单极化条带模式辐射定标技术;其次给出通过对已知雷达散射截面积的目标的观测,得到SAR图像上的灰度值与绝对的雷达散射截面积之间的关系;采用测量定标常数的方法,并基于辐射定标流程建立辐射精度误差模型和计算公式,重点研究了短期相对定标和长期相对定标中各因素对精度的影响。而且针对定标常数对绝对定标精度的影响给出了详细说明,指出星载SAR系统需要定期地完成系统修正。最后以TerraSAR-X卫星为例进行了计算验证,结果表明辐射精度预估值与实测值相差小于0.05 dB。     

Petrographic criteria for recognizing certain types of impact spherules in well-preserved precambrian successions

Impact spherule layers in sedimentary successions can open a new window on large impacts to complement the better-known record of terrestrial craters. At least six spherule layers have been found in well-preserved late Archean to Paleoproterozoic strata, and a growing body of geochemical evidence indicates they are impact ejecta. The most distinctive characteristics of these impact spherules are: (1) a predominance of highly spherical grains; (2) the presence of grains with unusual shapes such as teardrops and dumbbells; (3) fibroradial aggregates of K-feldspar crystals nucleated on the edges of spherules; and (4) clear internal spots representing both cement-filled vesicles and replaced glass cores, which, in contrast to the nuclei of ooids and armored lapilli, are not always located in the centers of the spherules. These characteristics permit the reliable differentiation of these impact spherules from spheroidal particles of other origins, such as sedimentary ooids or volcanic accretionary lapilli, often with just a hand lens. However, petrographic identification becomes progressively more difficult as the spherules become smaller or more altered. Moreover, impact spherules in other layers of other ages sometimes have different textures, so the ones described here are not representative of all types of impact spherules. They are provided as a starting point for researchers interested in identifying impact spherule layers. Given the visible record of impacts on the Moon and the much greater mass of the Earth, there should be many more impact spherule layers on Earth than have been discovered to date.     

在俯仰面中导弹自动驾驶仪的不完整状态的反馈设计

极点配置法就是给十字尾控导弹设计一种线性导弹自动驾驶仪系统,选择合适的闭环极点位置的程序来保证期望的瞬间性能,极点配置方程式是简便的,可以在俯仰操纵面内求出快速稳定的加速度。前馈通道增益可以保证在一步输入情况下没有任何稳定态误差的跟踪。同样导弹的弹体速率、舵偏转峰值和舵速率的一些控制器可以有特定的稳定裕度。一个不完整状态反馈控制器不需要观察器系统。该设计在不同响应速度下可以达到期望的稳定裕度,同时利用硬件性能选择自动驾驶仪响应速度（GCF）。     

智能材料与结构及其在智能飞行器中的应用

为了满足民用和军事领域对智能飞行器日益增长的需求,在承载、连接等功能的基础上,具有自诊断、自适应、自控制、自修复等“智能功能”的智能结构应运而生。这一技术的出现显著地推动了航空领域的发展,如利用形状记忆合金作为驱动器驱动指定结构变形可以改变飞行器气动性能,而利用压电材料作为传感器和驱动器对结构进行健康监测和振动噪声控制是当前智能结构研究的重要方向。以此为背景,介绍了南京航空航天大学智能结构研究团队近十年来在智能结构方面的研究进展,以期为智能结构技术的发展与创新提供可以借鉴的思路。     

模糊广义时滞系统的鲁棒集成容错控制器设计

针对一类具有状态时滞的T-S模糊广义系统,通过定义一类时滞相关的Lyapunov函数,利用线性矩阵不等式技术给出了模糊鲁棒集成容错控制器的综合设计方法和存在的充分条件,以区别于现有容错控制研究方向中"完整性"的概念范畴.同时引入等价充要条件放宽其求解的约束性,保证整个闭环系统在执行器和(或)传感器发生故障时仍能保持稳定.最后通过数值算例表明了本方法的可行性.     

最小二乘和奇异值分解法在边界元法中的应用

采用最小二乘与奇异值分解结合的方法，给出求解系数矩阵不满秩的线性代数方程组的数值方法，进而将此方法应用于边界无法中，处理给定外力的第一边值问题，特别地用于处理给定外力的三维裂纹问题。此外，本文还给出求解三维有限体裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程组，并使用有限部积分与边界元法为其建立了数值法。最后计算了若于典型例子的应力强度因子，数值结果与现有文献的相比，符合很好。