Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

基于图论的潜通路分块分析方法

潜通路分析是一种重要的电路可靠性分析方法.随着电路系统规模的扩大,整体进行潜通路分析不仅使分析时间增加,而且分析过程会占据很大的存储空间.对大型复杂电路网络进行潜通路分析时,运用基于Laplace矩阵的谱平分算法对电路系统分块处理,将其划分成规模较小的若干子网络模块.根据子网络模块内部元件的组合状态,用深度优先搜索判断通路,将每个子网络模块等效成一个多端的特殊器件.对各个子网络模块分别进行潜通路分析,对等效后简化的电路系统整体分析,以达到对整个电路系统潜通路分析的目的.潜通路分块分析的方法简化了电路网络分析模型,有利于潜通路分析自动化智能化水平的提高.      

转动惯量存在不确定性的挠性航天器动态自适应滑模姿态控制

针对存在转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰的挠性航天器,首先构造了一个部分状态观测器估计挠性模态,然后设计自适应律对转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰组成的函数的上界进行估计。最后,在设计的观测器和自适应律的基础上,建立了挠性航天器的基于部分状态观测器的自适应滑模姿态稳定控制律。采用Lyapunov方法证明了在挠性航天器存在转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰时, 所设计的自适应滑模姿态控制律能使闭环航天器姿态系统稳定。最后, 通过数值仿真例子验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于分段常值推力的水滴悬停构型控制策略

针对航天器编队飞行任务对相对运动控制的要求,研究了在分段常值推力控制下航天器受迫绕飞构型的设计与控制问题。首先,基于脉冲控制下的水滴悬停构型,提出了多段常值推力控制实现水滴悬停构型的打靶方程;将打靶方程转化为求解极值问题,采用最小二乘法来求解;分析了一段常值推力可行性。然后,以连续常值小推力控制方程为基础,推导了小邻域定理,分析了近距离相对运动条件下两段常值推力控制的可行性;针对可能出现求解精度差的问题,提出了小推力增量方程来修正精度,并证明在靠近理想解的情况下多次迭代可以趋近于理想解。最后,通过数值仿真实现常值小推力控制下的水滴悬停相对运动。数值仿真结果表明常值小推力控制策略可行,研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。      

灵敏小卫星能量/姿态一体化控制研究

研究应用变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs, Variable Speed Control Moment Gyros)作为主执行机构,完成灵敏小卫星多目标快速姿态机动时的能量/姿态一体化控制问题.在考虑执行机构饱和、机动任务要求和敏感器测量与跟踪能力受限等情况下,设计了非线性的姿态/能量一体化控制器,对由于频繁的姿态机动引起的姿态四元数的漂移进行了整定.设计了VSCMGs的操纵律.按是否接近框架构型奇异,合理分配了操纵任务,并设计了相应的操纵方法.对采用金字塔构型的VSCMGs进行了较为严格的仿真,结果表明卫星在机动中达到了快速和稳定的要求,同时能够满足能量控制要求和VSCMGs转子转速的平衡.     

PyC界面层厚度对三维针刺C/ZrC-SiC复合材料力学性能影响规律研究

通过控制沉积时间（5 h,15 h,30 h 和50 h）获得了不同PyC界面层厚度试样,随后采用先驱体浸渍-裂解工艺完成S5,S15,S30和S50-C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的制备工作,研究了PyC界面层厚度对C/ZrC-SiC复合材料弯曲、断裂性能影响规律及其作用机理。结果表明：随着沉积时间增加,PyC界面层厚不断增大,C/ZrC-SiC复合材料弯曲力学性能和断裂韧性均表现出先增大而后降低的变化规律。这主要由于PyC界面层厚度的增大,纤维损伤、基体热失配程度减弱,进而提高C/ZrC-SiC复合材料强度,但过大的PyC界面层厚度会降低纤维与基体的结合力和ZrC-SiC基体含量,最终导致C/ZrC-SiC复合材料强度的下降。而S30-C/ZrC-SiC复合材料因表现出较多“纤维桥连”、“裂纹偏转”和“裂纹分枝”现象,有利于消耗断裂能,最终表现出较好的断裂性能。     

参数优化方法在AUV组合导航系统PQR调参中的工程应用

为提高水下无人潜航器(AUV)的组合导航定位精度,需要对组合导航系统的参数进行调节,以保证组合导航系统获得较高的组合导航性能.针对AUV组合导航系统的P QR调参,借鉴多学科优化设计思想,首次提出了基于目标优化方法和传感器实采数据的P QR参数整定方法.首先,使用传统经验值开展了模拟AUV"水下潜航-水面GP S校准-水下潜航"工作方式的跑船试验和传感器数据采集.之后,基于传感器数据回放和组合导航过程的离线仿真,使用目标优化方法对组合导航系统的系统参数进行了优化求解.最后,使用P QR最优解分别开展了实航和离线仿真的对比验证.试验结果表明,目标优化方法能够应用于AUV组合导航系统的P QR调参,可以保证SINS/GP S/DVL组合导航系统的稳定性和较高的水下组合导航定位精度.使用该方法调参后,经实航验证和离线仿真对比,水下组合导航定位精度的CEP50指标分别降低至人工调参方式的44.0％和56.0％.该方法简单、有效,具有较高的工程应用价值.     

基于虚拟域预测控制的轨迹跟踪方法

针对在线轨迹实时规划算法,提出了一种基于虚拟域预测控制的轨迹跟踪方法。该方法采用多项式近似系统模型,引入虚拟路径及反动力解算方法,将时域转化为虚拟域,较在时域上近似模型的控制方法解耦效果好,实时性强。通过反动力学解算、非线性规划的输入设置可直接得到连续的控制量,相对于传统非线性预测控制的软约束的方法,从根本上保证了控制量的连续性。以拦截弹道导弹为背景,在初始状态量添加小扰动及末端条件改变的条件下,进行仿真验证。结果表明:与非线性反馈跟踪方法相比,曲线平滑,在遭遇点脱靶量、末端路径倾角及偏角误差较小,实时性同样可满足控制需求。     

Interface flux reconstruction method based on optimized weight essentially non-oscillatory scheme

Aimed at the computational aeroacoustics multi-scale problem of complex configurations discretized with multi-size mesh, the flux reconstruction method based on modified Weight Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme is proposed at the interfaces of multi-block grids. With the idea of Dispersion-Relation-Preserving (DRP) scheme, different weight coefficients are obtained by optimization, so that it is in WENO schemes with various characteristics of dispersion and dissipation. On the basis, hybrid flux vector splitting method is utilized to intelligently judge the amplitude of the gap between grid interfaces. After the simulation and analysis of 1D convection equation with different initial conditions, modified WENO scheme is proved to be able to independently distinguish the gap amplitude and generate corresponding dissipation according to the grid resolution. Using the idea of flux reconstruction at grid interfaces, modified WENO scheme with increasing dissipation is applied at grid points, while DRP scheme with low dispersion and dissipation is applied at the inner part of grids. Moreover, Gauss impulse spread and periodic point sound source flow among three cylinders with multi-scale grids are carried out. The results show that the flux reconstruction method at grid interfaces is capable of dealing with Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) multi-scale problems.