化学平衡效应对冲压燃烧室性能潜力与工作过程关系的影响分析

为了研究化学平衡效应对冲压发动机燃烧室性能潜力以及工作过程关系的影响,分析了考虑和不考虑化学平衡效应的准一维分析方法获得的三种典型冲压燃烧室工作过程与性能潜力的差别。研究结果表明,化学平衡效应减小了燃料的燃烧效率、燃烧室所需扩张比以及比冲,改变了高飞行马赫数下燃烧室扩张比与性能的对应关系;不考虑化学平衡效应时,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲略优于双模态燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室和双模态燃烧室的最大比冲都出现在特征马赫数最小时;当考虑化学平衡效应时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲略优于亚声速燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲出现在特征马赫数1时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲在飞行马赫数4,5,6,7时分别出现在特征马赫数0.3,0.4,0.7和1.5附近;在高飞行马赫数时,应研究确切的化学反应过程,以确切协调燃烧室设计关系。      

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

Review of theoretical achievements for starting flow problem for all Mach numbers

The typical behavior of unsteady flow and force evolution in a number of applications, such as aero-elastics, gust-wing interaction, flapping flight and flight maneuvering, can be understood using the starting flow model. Starting flow model is obtained either by setting rapidly an angle of attack for a wing moving at constant speed, or by accelerating a wing to a constant speed while gaining an angle of attack. In the limiting case of impulsively starting flow, the wing is assumed to gain suddenly an angle of attack in an initially uniform flow. Theories have been developed for impulsively starting flow at small angle of attack long before and at large angle of attack only recently, especially for incompressible and supersonic flow. This paper intends to provide a state-of-art overview of the typical flow phenomena, force evolution characteristics and developed theories for impulsively starting flow at any angle of attack and for both lower speed flow (vortex dominated) and high speed flow (compressible wave dominated). This review also provides some new topics that deserve further studies.     

80 years education of aerospace science and technology in Tsinghua University

The development of aerospace science and technology largely relies on the education and academic contribution of students in universities covering aerospace science and technology. The School of Aerospace Engineering of Tsinghua University, with a history of eighty years since the set-up of its Department of Aeronautical Engineering in 1938, graduated 5273 undergraduate students, 1939 master students and 931 Ph.D. students. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the data related to undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students of this school. These data include the historical evolution of number of students and the actual status of students like their various interests and academic performance. The data and information shared in this paper may be useful for comparative study and for those who need primitive data to study relevant issues such as mental health of students, promotion of gender balance and educational improvement.     

一种改进RLS算法及其在SINS快速对准中的应用

在传统递推最小二乘算法(RLS)中,人为设置的递推初始值将导致状态估计的有偏性,也就丧失了最优性,当量测数据次数较小时尤为严重。摒弃了传统RLS算法"新估计值=旧估计值+修正值"的递推结构,提出了借助中间量进行递推,再由中间量直接作状态估计的改进算法。改进RLS算法状态估计结果与批处理LS算法完全一致,且无需初始状态的任何信息。将改进RLS算法应用于捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准。对于一定的初始对准精度要求,理论上改进RLS算法所需的初始对准时间是最短的。最后,SINS初始对准数值仿真结果验证了所提算法的正确性。     

镍基单晶合金蠕变研究: 叶片蠕变的有限元分析

该文为镍基单晶合金高温蠕变建模研究工作的第三部分,利用前面研究已建立的蠕变材料模型及编写的ABAQUS软件UMAT子程序,选取了模型涡轮一级叶片叶身段,利用单晶DD3蠕变数据和实际叶片温度场,通过设定不同的晶体去向,分析了叶片主晶体去向偏差对叶片蠕变的影响,计算同时也给出了次向晶向偏差对分析的影响.整个分析,揭示了不同取向对叶片蠕变的影响:不同于材料的蠕变,叶片在通常控制的10°取向偏差内,蠕变分散也较大.      

基于Web的中英术语翻译获取方法研究

从Web双语资源中获取术语翻译具有很大应用价值。从实用化术语翻译角度出发,设计了一个基于Web的中英术语翻译系统。该系统使用Google搜索引擎,通过关键词扩展技术搜索词汇表类型网页,从其搜索结果摘要中抽取术语翻译。实验结果表明系统取得良好性能：TOP1的正确率达到90.9%,TOP3的正确率达到95.4%。     

结构化工艺在卫星总装过程的应用改进

文章介绍了基于工艺文件体系结构化设计和改进,对卫星总装过程不同阶段所需的生产信息进行管理的新方法。运用工艺多级式表达方式,使各个生产阶段有效地获得适合本阶段特点的工艺信息,并以树状图、流程图等形式加以展现,实现生产计划管理、物料计划管理与工艺信息的协调一致。结构化工艺有利于工艺工作方式与信息化手段的结合,通过信息化系统的开发和使用,卫星总装敏捷制造能力将得到有效地提升。     

基于频域分离算子的SINS抗晃动干扰初始对准算法

在基于惯性参考系的捷联惯导系统（SINS）初始对准算法中,使用一次积分抑制线晃动干扰作用有限。通过分析惯性系重力矢量和晃动干扰加速度的频率特点,引入频率分离算子概念,特别是使用频率特性精心设计的无限冲击响应（IIR）滤波算子时,能够有效抑制线晃动干扰,同时对反映重力信息的比力和惯性系重力参考矢量实施同步滤波,使它们都能顺利通过,即使在滤波器输出没有稳定的情况下也可给出可靠的初始对准结果,从而实现快速精确初始对准。车载试验验证表明所提算法可直接用于SINS抗晃动干扰精对准。     

基于过程功率谱熵SVM的转子振动故障诊断方法

针对旋转机械振动过程的复杂性和振动故障产生的随机性以及振动故障样本获取难的问题,在信息熵理论的基础上,融合了支持向量机(SVM)小样本、全局性和泛化性好的优点,提出了过程功率谱信息熵(功率谱熵)SVM的故障诊断方法。结合转子实验台,得到了4种典型振动故障在多测点多转速下的数据,通过计算提取了其功率谱熵特征值作为故障样本,即故障向量,并建立SVM诊断模型,对转子振动故障的类别、严重程度和部位识别诊断,验证了该方法在转子振动故障诊断方面效果良好。