径向磁气组合轴承系统的动态性能

为探究磁轴承失效时能否减轻转子跌落带来的损害,将人字槽径向动压气体轴承引入磁轴承转子系统,研究磁气组合轴承对系统动态性能的影响和动压气体轴承的支承特性。采用有限差分法和小扰动法求解气膜厚度方程和雷诺方程,研究动压气体轴承的静动态特性。对磁轴承电磁力进行了分析,采用磁轴承不完全微分PID（比例-积分-微分）控制策略,对系统进行了理论模态分析和试验模态分析,完成了系统高速旋转试验,测试了动压气体轴承在不同偏心率和转速下的承载力。结果表明,引入动压气体轴承可提高系统的动态性能,在磁轴承失效造成高速转子跌落瞬间,偏心率趋近于1,两个径向动压气体轴承能够产生较大承载力,减轻转子跌落造成的损害。      

基于AMESim的隔舱式贮箱推进剂管理仿真研究

通过多学科动力学建模方法研究,利用AMESim建立了隔舱式贮箱推进剂输送系统机械、液流与控制动力学模型,并对不同工况下推进剂输送系统动态特性进行数值仿真,获得了隔舱式贮箱推进剂动态变化、各个隔舱 的推进剂消耗率及质心位移等结果.仿真结果显示隔舱总体布局与初始容积分配、隔舱连通结构、飞行轨迹等均对隔舱式贮箱推进剂动态变化产生影响,所建立的模型可应用于隔舱式贮箱总体及结构设计.      

机翼结构有限元的快速建模及自动化调整

为提高总体设计的质量和效率,研究了在OpenCADS(Open Conceptual Aircraft Design System)这一按照面向对象方式进行数据组织的计算机辅助飞机总体设计系统中进行飞机机翼结构有限元快速建模及自动化调整的措施.提出了采用梁单元和壳单元进行概念设计中机翼结构有限元的等效处理方法,定义了以翼肋为标定的结构有限元节点及各单元的编号规则,设计了相关的数据类组织与应用逻辑,以此为基础实现了机翼结构有限元模型的自动化调整,为概念设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例及其应用验证了方法的有效性和可靠性.      

Abiotic nitrogen fixation on terrestrial planets: reduction of NO to ammonia by FeS

Understanding the abiotic fixation of nitrogen and how such fixation can be a supply of prebiotic nitrogen is critical for understanding both the planetary evolution of, and the potential origin of life on, terrestrial planets. As nitrogen is a biochemically essential element, sources of biochemically accessible nitrogen, especially reduced nitrogen, are critical to prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life. Loss of atmospheric nitrogen can result in loss of the ability to sustain liquid water on a planetary surface, which would impact planetary habitability and hydrological processes that shape the surface. It is known that NO can be photochemically converted through a chain of reactions to form nitrate and nitrite, which can be subsequently reduced to ammonia. Here, we show that NO can also be directly reduced, by FeS, to ammonia. In addition to removing nitrogen from the atmosphere, this reaction is particularly important as a source of reduced nitrogen on an early terrestrial planet. By converting NO directly to ammonia in a single step, ammonia is formed with a higher product yield (~50%) than would be possible through the formation of nitrate/nitrite and subsequent conversion to ammonia. In conjunction with the reduction of NO, there is also a catalytic disproportionation at the mineral surface that converts NO to NO? and N?O. The NO? is then converted to ammonia, while the N?O is released back in the gas phase, which provides an abiotic source of nitrous oxide.     

Calcification and silicification: fossilization potential of cyanobacteria from stromatolites of Niuafo'ou's Caldera Lakes (Tonga) and implications for the early fossil record

Calcification and silicification processes of cyanobacterial mats that form stromatolites in two caldera lakes of Niuafo'ou Island (Vai Lahi and Vai Si'i) were evaluated, and their importance as analogues for interpreting the early fossil record are discussed. It has been shown that the potential for morphological preservation of Niuafo'ou cyanobacteria is highly dependent on the timing and type of mineral phase involved in the fossilization process. Four main modes of mineralization of cyanobacteria organic parts have been recognized: (i) primary early postmortem calcification by aragonite nanograins that transform quickly into larger needle-like crystals and almost totally destroy the cellular structures, (ii) primary early postmortem silicification of almost intact cyanobacterial cells that leave a record of spectacularly well-preserved cellular structures, (iii) replacement by silica of primary aragonite that has already recrystallized and obliterated the cellular structures, (iv) occasional replacement of primary aragonite precipitated in the mucopolysaccharide sheaths and extracellular polymeric substances by Al-Mg-Fe silicates. These observations suggest that the extremely scarce earliest fossil record may, in part, be the result of (a) secondary replacement by silica of primary carbonate minerals (aragonite, calcite, siderite), which, due to recrystallization, had already annihilated the cellular morphology of the mineralized microbiota or (b) relatively late primary silicification of already highly degraded and no longer morphologically identifiable microbial remains.     

基于计算机视觉的PCB板检测系统应用研究

系统以测试PCB板是否有缺失元器件为目的,使用变化检测的方法对PCB板流水线检测技术进行研究,检测的内容包括元器件是否焊歪或者漏焊。然后在Visual Studio 2010环境下利用Qt界面库和OPENCV图像处理库来实现了系统的开发。实验结果表明,系统能够准确的检测并显示出元器件的缺失区域或者是焊歪区域。     

基于Event B的中断管理需求和设计形式化建模与验证方法

随着软件复杂度的迅速增长,传统的基于测试的方法逐渐难以满足航天器操作系统的可靠性和安全性需求,形式化方法逐渐成为航天器操作系统安全可靠性的有效保障.基于Rodin平台,采用Event B形式化语言,通过需求和设计重写、制定精化策略并逐步精化的方法,对航天嵌入式操作系统SpaceOS2的中断管理模块建立了需求层和设计层形式化模型,将模型检验和定理证明相结合,验证模型的正确性并且满足安全性质.     

Potential fossil endoliths in vesicular pillow basalt, Coral Patch Seamount, eastern North Atlantic Ocean

The chilled rinds of pillow basalt from the Ampère-Coral Patch Seamounts in the eastern North Atlantic were studied as a potential habitat of microbial life. A variety of putative biogenic structures, which include filamentous and spherical microfossil-like structures, were detected in K-phillipsite-filled amygdules within the chilled rinds. The filamentous structures (～2.5 μm in diameter) occur as K-phillipsite tubules surrounded by an Fe-oxyhydroxide (lepidocrocite) rich membranous structure, whereas the spherical structures (from 4 to 2 μm in diameter) are associated with Ti oxide (anatase) and carbonaceous matter. Several lines of evidence indicate that the microfossil-like structures in the pillow basalt are the fossilized remains of microorganisms. Possible biosignatures include the carbonaceous nature of the spherical structures, their size distributions and morphology, the presence and distribution of native fluorescence, mineralogical and chemical composition, and environmental context. When taken together, the suite of possible biosignatures supports the hypothesis that the fossil-like structures are of biological origin. The vesicular microhabitat of the rock matrix is likely to have hosted a cryptoendolithic microbial community. This study documents a variety of evidence for past microbial life in a hitherto poorly investigated and underestimated microenvironment, as represented by the amygdules in the chilled pillow basalt rinds. This kind of endolithic volcanic habitat would have been common on the early rocky planets in our Solar System, such as Earth and Mars. This study provides a framework for evaluating traces of past life in vesicular pillow basalts, regardless of whether they occur on early Earth or Mars.     

Is the presence of oxygen on an exoplanet a reliable biosignature?

We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to the star. In this paper, we explore a new possibility based on abiotic photogeneration of O(2) at the surface of a planet that could occur inside the HZ. The search for such a process is an active field of laboratory investigation that has resulted from an ongoing interest in finding efficient systems with the capacity to harvest solar energy on Earth. Although such a process is energetically viable, we find it to be a very unlikely explanation for the observation of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a telluric exoplanet in the HZ. It requires an efficient photocatalyst to be present and abundant under natural planetary conditions, which appears unlikely according to our discussion of known mineral photochemical processes. In contrast, a biological system that synthesizes its constituents from abundant raw materials and energy has the inherent adaptation advantage to become widespread and dominant (Darwinist argument). Thus, O(2) appears to continue to be a good biosignature.