疏导热防护的冷却机制

利用固体介质快速传导特性进行防热是疏导热防护的一个重要机制,但现有的固体介质在高热流梯度区会出现净热流为负的现象,即流向传导的阻塞效应,它会严重影响高热流区的热量向低热流区的快速传递.本文提出的增加固体介质的导热系数和采用高温热管冷却是两个可以有效解决传导阻塞问题的方案.通过数值模拟评估了这二种方案对解决流向传递的阻塞问题的有效性,给出了一些规律性的结果.     

The use of solutions to problems of spacecraft trajectory optimization in impulse formulation when solving the problems of optimal control of trajectories of a spacecraft with limited thrust engine: II

As examples of application of the technique suggested in the first part of this work, the problems of optimizing the trajectories of spacecraft transfers between circular coplanar orbits are considered in this second part. During the transfer the spacecraft is controlled by the vector of thrust of a limited-thrust jet engine. The mass consumption is minimized for a limited time of transfer. Extreme trajectories with two and three powered sections (Homan-type and bi-elliptic transfer trajectories) are numerically determined. The solution of these well-studied problems allows one to compare the results of applying the suggested technique with the results of application of other previously used techniques.     

Viability of barley seeds after long-term exposure to outer side of international space station

Barley seeds were exposed to outer space for 13 months in a vented metal container without a climate control system to assess the risk of physiological and genetic mutation during long-term storage in space. The space-stored seeds (S0 generation), with an 82% germination rate in 50 seeds, lost about 20% of their weight after the exposure. The germinated seeds showed normal growth, heading, and ripening. The harvested seeds (S1 generation) also germinated and reproduced (S2 generation) as did the ground-stored seeds. The culm length, ear length, number of seed, grain weight, and fertility of the plants from the space-stored seeds were not significantly different from those of the ground-stored seeds in each of the S0 and S1 generation. Furthermore, the S1 and S2 space-stored seeds respectively showed similar β-glucan content to those of the ground-stored seeds. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 16 primer combinations showed no specific fragment that appears or disappears significantly in the DNA isolated from the barley grown from the space-stored seeds. Though these data are derived from nine S0 space-stored seeds in a single exposure experiment, the results demonstrate the preservation of barley seeds in outer space for 13 months without phenotypic or genotypic changes and with healthy and vigorous growth in space.     

Progress on Solar Physics Research in China

The progress on Chinese Space Solar Telescope (SST) in 2002-2004 is introduced. The documentations on plans and outlines based on the standards of Chinese aerospace industry for SST mission has been fulfilled. The key technical problems of SST satellite platform and payloads are tackled during pre-study stage of the mission. The laboratory assembly and calibration of the main optical telescope of 1.2 m spherical mirror and 1 m plain mirror have been carried out with the accuracy of λ/40 and λ/30, respectively. The prototype at 17.1 nm for extreme ultraviolet telescope is under development and manufacture with a diameter of 13 cm. Its primary and secondary mirrors have a manufacturing error of 5 nm with a roughness degree of less than 0.5 nm and a multiplayer reflection factor of better than 20%. The on-board scientific data processing unit has been developed. Prototypes for other payloads such as H. and white light telescope, wide band spectroscopy in high energy and solar and interplanetary radio spectrometer have been developed accordingly.     

法兰连接密封结构的贮存可靠性分析

确定了固体火箭发动机法兰连接密封结构的失效模式，并用多模式结构可靠性分析方法对法兰连接密封结构的可靠性进行了分析和评估，给出了对接密封结构的可靠性随时间的规律，以及长期贮存的可靠寿命。     

高超声速钝球柱外形表面热流分布研究

文章采用数值求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程方法对高超声速钝球柱地面试验模型进行了计算,比较了不同头部半径和肩部半径条件下表面热流的分布特征。研究表明：钝球柱头部区域表面热流分布与头部半径和肩部半径紧密相关。其中,头部半径对热流分布特征和热流大小均存在显著影响。当头部半径较小时,头部区域热流呈现双峰值分布,热流由驻点峰值逐渐下降,接近肩部时开始上升,至肩部峰值点后又继续下降。随着头部半径的增大,驻点热流减小,肩部热流增加,双峰值分布逐渐演变为单峰值分布,热流由驻点单调上升至肩部峰值点;相对于头部半径,肩部半径主要影响热流大小,驻点热流和肩部热流均随肩部半径的增大而增加,不同肩部半径计算模型的头部热流分布规律基本一致。     

DD6镍基单晶合金气膜孔薄壁平板高温蠕变性能

采用气膜孔薄壁平板试样模拟冷却叶片,并与无气膜孔薄壁平板试样蠕变试验结果进行对比,研究了气膜孔对镍基单晶合金冷却叶片模拟试样高温持久断裂寿命的影响.试验结果表明:在950℃和377MPa条件下,无气膜孔薄壁平板试样的高温持久断裂寿命大约是气膜孔薄壁平板试样的2倍,扫描电镜(SEM)断口分析可以看出蠕变损伤首先发源于气膜孔周围并在气膜孔边缘开始起裂.基于晶体塑性理论建立单晶材料蠕变数值计算模型,将其编入Abaqus用户子程序中,对气膜孔和无气膜孔两种薄壁平板试样进行模拟分析.模拟结果显示在气膜孔周边存在应力集中和应力重分布,数值模拟分析结果与试样的断口表面形貌吻合.为便于工程应用,将高温持久断裂寿命与十二面体滑移系最大分切应力幅表达成指数关系,蠕变试验结果表明此式在该应力、温度条件下具有良好的精度.     

贫油直喷三喷嘴模型燃烧室燃烧性能

构建了反向双旋文氏管预混(CDV)三喷嘴矩形模型燃烧室,研究了其燃烧特征及性能.结果表明:火焰近乎全蓝色,类似气体的贫预混燃烧,且在此工况下,CO和NOx换算成15%含氧量(体积分数)下排放的体积分数分别低于10×10-6和50×10-6.此外,研究了进气温度变化对CDV三喷嘴污染物排放的影响,发现CO排放相对NOx更易受到进气温度变化的影响,并分析揭示了产生该现象的原因.另外雾化器的性能极易影响贫油直喷火焰特征;需要改进雾化器的加工工艺以确保在预热工况下它能够保持持续稳定的良好雾化性能.     

基于融合信息(火用)的转子振动故障SVM诊断方法

通过提取信息(火用)特征,提出基于融合信息(火用)的转子振动故障支持向量机（SVM）诊断方法.首先,在转子试验台上分别模拟转子不平衡、轴系不对中、转子裂纹和转子碰磨4种典型故障,采集这4种典型故障在多转速和多测点下的振动加速度信号;其次,提取基于时域的奇异谱熵和频域的功率谱熵的转子振动故障过程变化规律的信息(火用)特征;最后,将提取到的信息(火用)特征作为故障向量,建立SVM故障诊断模型,进而对转子振动故障进行诊断.实例诊断结果表明：将信息(火用)特征与支持向量机相结合进行转子振动故障诊断,诊断结果准确率达到了97%,有效地提高了故障诊断的准确率.     

旋涡发生器对叶片根部马蹄涡的影响

针对简化了的叶片-平板结构,在叶片上游平板上的某位置布置旋涡发生器影响马蹄涡.数值模拟了不同高度旋涡发生器作用下的角区湍流流动.结果表明:任何一种旋涡发生器都能不同程度地削弱马蹄涡系,高度为2mm的旋涡发生器能使这种削弱作用达到最大;另外,随着高度的增加,叶片两侧的涡腿有向叶片聚拢的趋势.提出的方法无需额外消耗能量,为一种被动的控制手段,有很大的实际应用前景.布置旋涡发生器的控制方法简单实用,工程中采用该法是不错的一种选择.