大气湍流光学长曝光像的数值计算

在介绍大气湍流光学长曝光像的两个模型——高斯模型(空间域模型)和统计平均光学传递函数模型(空间频率域模型)的基础上，推导两模型之间的关系与差别，并应用两模型数值计算了扩展目标通过大气的长曝光成像结果。此外，还应用高斯模型给出了自适应光学系统校正后的远场光斑。     

CELSS nutrition system utilizing snails

At the 40th IAF Congress in Malaga, a nutrition system for a lunar base CELSS was presented. A lunar base with a total of eight crew members was envisaged. In this paper, four species of plants--rice, soybean, lettuce and strawberry--were introduced to the system. These plants were sufficient to satisfy fundamental nutritional needs of the crew members. The supply of nutrition from plants and the human nutritional requirements could almost be balanced. Our study revealed that the necessary plant cultivation area per crew member would be nearly 40 m3 in the lunar base. The sources of nutrition considered in the study were energy, sugar, fat, amino acids, inorganic salt and vitamins; however, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin A and sodium were found to be lacking. Therefore, a subsystem to supply these elements is of considerable value. In this paper, we report on a study for breeding snails and utilizing meat as food. Nutrients supplied from snails are shown to compensate for the above mentioned lacking elements. We evaluate the snail breeder and the associated food supply system as a subsystem of closed ecological life support system.     

Leg venous hemodynamics and leg volumes during a 42 day -6 degrees head-down bedrest

Seven healthy subjects were submitted to a 42-day head down bedrest, where leg venous compliance (venous distensibity index VDI) and leg volumes were assessed by mercury strain gauge plethysmography with venous occlusion and optoelectronic plethysmography, respectively. Plethysmographic and volometric measurements were made, before, during (at days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 26, 34 and 41), and after bedrest (days 1, 4, 7, 11 and 30 of the recovery period). Results showed a continuous decrease in leg volumes throughout bedrest, when VDI increased until day 26 of bedrest, and then decreased afterwards. The recovery period was characterized by a rapid return of VDI to prebedrest levels while leg volumes progressively normalised. These results showed that leg venous compliance changes are not always dependant upon skeletal muscle changes, and that factors other than size of muscle compartment are able to determine increases in leg venous compliance during long-term bedrest.     

Spatial orientation during locomotion [correction of locomation] following space flight

To investigate changes in spatial orientation ability and walking performance following space flight, 7 astronaut subjects were asked pre- and post-flight to perform a goal directed locomotion paradigm which consisted of walking a triangular path with and without vision. This new paradigm, involving inputs from different sensory systems, allows quantification of several critical parameters, like orientation performance, walking velocities and postural stability, in a natural walking task. The paper presented here mainly focusses on spatial orientation performance quantified by the errors in walking the previously seen path without vision. Errors in length and reaching the corners did not change significantly from pre- to post-flight, while absolute angular errors slightly increased post-flight. The significant decrease in walking velocity and a change in head-trunk coordination while walking around the corners of the path observed post-flight may suggest that during re-adaptation to gravity the mechanisms which are necessary to perform the task have to be re-accomplished.     

Influence of graviceptives cues at different level of visual information processing: the effect of prolonged weightlessness

We evaluated the influence of prolonged weightlessness on the performance of visual tasks in the course of the Russian-French missions ANTARES, Post-ANTARES and ALTAIR aboard the MIR station. Eight cosmonauts were subjects in two experiments executed pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight sessions.

In the first experiment, cosmonauts performed a task of symmetry detection in 2-D polygons. The results indicate that this detection is locked in a head retinal reference frame rather than in an environmentally defined one as meridional orientations of symmetry axis (vertical and horizontal) elicited faster response times than oblique ones. However, in weightlessness the saliency of a retinally vertical axis of symmetry is no longer significantly different from an horizontal axis. In the second experiment, cosmonauts performed a mental rotation task in which they judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Performance on this task is basically identical in weightlessness and normal gravity.     

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a countermeasure for long term spaceflight

The article presents the current status of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a countermeasure for preventing orthostatic intolerance after space flight or bed rest. Devices discussed include the Chibis vacuum suit, the Anthrorack device, a collapsible device, and an inflatable device. Two bed rest studies examined the effect of LBNP and exercise on orthostatic tolerance; plasma volume; vasopressin, plasma renin activity, and catecholamines; and side effects.     

非线性导弹控制执行机构动态特性补偿

本文叙述了在非线性导弹控制中执行机构动态特性补偿的一种方法，通常在非线性导弹控制中不考虑执行机构的动态特性问题，因此，在非线性导弹控制中，我们分析执行机构动态特性影响，同时在整个系统中寻找潜在的不稳定的二阶执行机构动态特性的危险因素，所以为了适应执行机构动态特性影响因素，假设一个补偿器，它的非线性控制输入和执行舵偏转信号结合在一起，对含有执行机构动态特性的假设控制系统，进行特性和稳定性分析。     

Investigation of the role of aziridine bonding agents on the aging of the composite solid rocket propellant(CSRP)

The role of bonding agents on the aging characteristics is one of the important research topics.Aging program of the prepared propellant samples was conducting as follows:Five samples,two free of bonding agents,and three containing an aziridine based bonding agents(MAPO,HX-752,MAT4),four samples based on different bonding and curing agents all were aged at 70 ℃.The prepared bonding agent "MAT4" gave remarkable improvements and resulted in highly stable mechanical properties comparing with HX-752 or MAPO.The selected bonding agents family inhibited the rate of decomposition of the propellants during the aging periods and supported the propellant matrix against decomposition at the elevated temperatures.      

廉价的镍基微机械速率陀螺

本文论述一种低成本常压下速率微机械陀螺,它采用了兼容制CMOS镍电铸装配成型工艺,陀螺的驱动模式和检测模式的谐振频率的匹配相互接近后,增加了角速率的分辨率,两种模式采用了对称悬挂和静电频率音又方式,而且在模式匹配运行过程中两种模式的不合理机械耦合,通过与陀螺的挠曲完全断开,减小了耦合度．降低机械耦合得到一个稳定的零速率输出偏置,即提供一个极好的偏置稳定度。装配陀螺镍材料结构层厚度18μm,电容间隙2．5μm,结果是纵横比大于7,检测电容0．5pF以上．测出陀螺谐振频率,驱动是4．09Hz,检测是4．33Hz,然后再与电压小于12V音叉匹配．陀螺混合联结一个CMOS客性接口电路,混合系统工作受外围电路控制,它们组成一个角度速率传感器．陀螺按驱动模式震荡,振动幅值大于10μm。速率陀螺等效噪声是0．095（°／s）／HZ1/2短期偏置稳定度大于0．1°／s．在测量范围±100°／s内,该陀螺公称标度因子是17．7mV／（°／s）,满刻度时非线性度仅为0．12％。现在的陀螺测量频宽设为30Hz,根据使用要求,频宽可以超过100Hz,检测模式的质量因子可以通过提高真空度加以改善,在一个10Hz窄的响应频宽中,质量因子大约就是一个等效速率噪声,它小于0．05（°／s）／Hz1/2。