Lessons learned from the Space Flyer Unit (SFU) mission

The Space Flyer Unit (SFU) system and mission chronology are briefly introduced. Lessons learned from the SFU mission are categorized as programmatic and engineering lessons. In the programmatic category are dealt with both international and domestic collaborations. As for the engineering lessons safety design, orbital operation, in-flight anomaly, and post flight analyses are the major topics reviewed.     

The face inversion effect in microgravity: is gravity used as a spatial reference for complex object recognition?

Complex objects are better recognized under a specific orientation. When presented upside down, a face, even very familiar, is recognized with greater difficulty than when presented upright ("Inversion effect"). Up to now it was not possible to decide whether the direction provided by gravity or the one provided by the retina and the body constitutes the spatial reference involved in this "Inversion effect". Three cosmonautes learned photographed faces on the ground and had to recognize them both on ground and on flight. Other photographed faces were learned in flight and where presented for recognition on flight. Results show that the Inversion effect is still present on flight for faces that have been learned on ground as well as for those learned on flight. Persistence of the inversion effect in 0-G shows that gravity is not involved as a spatial reference in recognition of faces. Learning and recognition performances of faces learned in flight were significantly lower than performances for faces learned on ground. A possible role of gravity in configural processing, but not in the Inversion effect, is suggested.     

Effects of repeated long duration +2Gz load on man's cardiovascular function

Usefulness of a short-arm human centrifuge is expected when it is used in space as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning, problem of bone-calcium metabolism, etc. However, nothing is solidly established regarding the most desirable program for artificial G application. Accordingly, this study was designed to analytically evaluate the effects of repeated long duration +Gz load on human cardiovascular function. Recently heart rate spectral analysis has been recognized as a powerful tool for quantitatively evaluating parasympathetic and sympathetic activity separately in human. It is reported that power of the high frequency component (HF-p) is mediated selectively by parasympathetic activity and the power ratio of low to high frequency components(LF/HF) is indicative of cardiac sympathetic activity or cardiac sympathovagal balance. Sequence method is developed to examine spontaneous baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). We studied cardiovascular control function by using these methods in 9 healthy men before and after 7 days of daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load. When compared with the data of pre-G load period, post-G load period, decrease of HR, increases of HF-p and BRS were statistically significant. SBP, DBP and LF/HF tended to decrease, however, these changes were not statistically significant. This results indicate that repeated +2Gz load increases parasympathetic activity and arterial baroreceptor-cardiac reflex sensitivity. In recent years, many investigators suggest that space flight and head-down bedrest leads to impaired baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses and decrease of parasympathetic activity, which may contribute to orthostatic intolerance. So our results suggest that daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load would be useful in preventing post-flight orthostatic intolerance.     

芳纶纸基复合材料研究进展及关键技术

论述了芳纶纸基复合材料的国内外研究发展状况，主要成分芳纶短切纤维和芳纶沉析纤维的结构、特点及其合成工艺，介绍了芳纶纸基复合材料在航天航空领域的应用情况，并就其开发过程中所涉及的关键技术进行了分析总结。     

宽温宽频宽动态位移下ZN-33材料的黏弹行为

对ZN-33黏弹阻尼材料进行温度、频率和动态位移的扫描实验和不同温度、载荷下蠕变实验。研究了材料在宽温、宽频、宽动态位移下的动态阻尼特性。得到了ZN-33材料复模量和损耗因子随温度、频率和动态位移变化的规律。同时对该材料的蠕变特性进行了研究,揭示其蠕变行为的非线性特性,进行了蠕变柔量的时间—应力等效性描述。     

欧洲空间操作中心的精密轨道确定

目前,欧洲空间操作中心正在进行着一项需4年时间的开发计划,以支持未来的需要高精度轨道确定的ESA近地飞行任务。该工作是围绕着欧洲空间操作中心已开发的供轨道确定和误差分析用的一个软件系统进行的,该软件含有适合于各种轨道摄动和测量类型的先进模型。除了卫星轨道参数外,它还能对地球物理参数和测地参数进行估计和误差分析。     

广角目视模拟技术的新评价

前言1970年召开了两次飞行模拟技术会议(AIAA 于三月在佛里罗达州卡纳维拉尔角召开,RAES 于十月在英国伦敦召开),但对广角目视模拟技术没有作出客观的评价。在1967年第二届海军训练装置中心和工业会议、1968年3月于洛杉矶召开的 AIAA 会议上,威廉、埃贝林提供了对窄视场目视系统的简要评述。     

利用AQS技术对数控测量数据进行统计分析

介绍了利用波音公司的AQS技术，对数控测量系统获得的大量数据进行统计分析。利用这种方法可以在数控加工中进行质量跟踪和控制，避免传统的在加工后进行检验的被动局面，充分发挥数控测量系统在质量控制中的作用。     

Pre-adaptation to shiftwork in space

Astronauts are often required to work in shift schedules. To test pre-mission adaptation strategies and effects on the circadian system, a study was performed using microgravity simulation by head-down bedrest. Eight male subjects were studied over 4 control days, and 7 days each for pre-mission adaptation, bedrest, and readjustment. The circadian system was assessed by monitoring ECG and temperature, and by collecting urine for determination of hormones and electrolytes. Rhythms did not achieve complete adjustment within the adaptation period when the sleep-wake cycle was shortened by 1 h/day, but resynchronization continued during bedrest. After the bedrest period when the time shift was reversed by a 7-h delay within 2 days, resynchronization was achieved satisfactorily only within 7 days. From the results it is concluded that a sleep-wake cycle advance as used in this study is insufficient to keep the circadian system in pace. Under operational conditions the circadian system of astronauts may become longer and more destabilized than under controlled laboratory conditions.