低空复杂气象环境下舰载机着舰多重安全边界

从气象环境、海况、航母运动、舰尾流等方面对舰载机着舰安全的影响出发,分析了低空复杂气象环境下舰载机着舰致灾物理链路的影响因素和规律,提出了多重安全边界的概念。结合相应的物理机理,按照飞机性能恶化的影响程度、飞行操纵的影响程度对安全边界进行了多属性划分,进一步梳理了多重安全边界研究需解决的主要关键问题,提出了未来的研究方向,为飞行操纵、控制方法设计、分级优化保护、安全性设计提供了重要的理论参考依据。     

韩国仁川正在加速建设MRO产业集群项目

<正>在全球航空维修业由外包逐渐转向内部完成的大趋势下,韩国仁川已经付诸了实际行动,致力于实现航空维修配套产业链的完善,并加速打造具有全球影响力的航空维修产业集群。仁川国际机场是著名的国际客运及货运机场,是目前亚洲第6位繁忙的国际机场,它是首尔连接韩国其他城市及其他国家的重要航空枢纽,云集了近百家航空公司。仁川国际机场和釜山金海国际机场分别位于韩国的东北角和西南角,因为仁川国际机场周边缺乏配套的MRO,韩国载旗航空——大韩航空的大部分飞机及其部附件的修理工作在釜山进行,使得仁川区域内航材供给和零部件维修的保障能力显得“力不从心”,这也成为了影响航班延误和航班取消的一个因素。为了促进仁川国际机场附近MRO配套设施的发展,促进仁川航空产业集群的形成,仁川正在加速推进高科技航空产业集群项目的建设。     

飞机结构耐久性设计与分析专家系统

 为适应现代飞机设计发展的需要,把现有飞机结构耐久性设计与分析的专家知识与经验组织起来,形成具有一定规模的知识库,在大量试验的基础上形成数据库,把原有的设计与分析计算方法形成具有一定功能的计算模块,用Visual C+ +语言开发出飞机结构耐久性设计与分析专家系统.该系统实现了耐久性分析与设计的标准化,且在某型号飞机耐久性评定中得到初步应用.本文阐述了它的组织结构、功能,并举例演示.     

一种应用在航天探测器上的二氧化碳两相回路热控系统冷凝器的设计优化

阿尔法磁谱仪中的轨迹探测器是探测空间反物质的核心探测器,它工作于由超流液氦冷却的超导磁体的中心,其正常运作需要体积小、散热及温控能力强的热控系统的支持,以应对国际空间站上复杂的太空热流环境及真空、微重力等因素.介绍了利用SINDA/FLUINT模拟方法,对轨迹探测器的热控系统冷凝器进行设计优化.     

Identification of morphological biosignatures in Martian analogue field specimens using in situ planetary instrumentation

We have investigated how morphological biosignatures (i.e., features related to life) might be identified with an array of viable instruments within the framework of robotic planetary surface operations at Mars. This is the first time such an integrated lab-based study has been conducted that incorporates space-qualified instrumentation designed for combined in situ imaging, analysis, and geotechnics (sampling). Specimens were selected on the basis of feature morphology, scale, and analogy to Mars rocks. Two types of morphological criteria were considered: potential signatures of extinct life (fossilized microbial filaments) and of extant life (crypto-chasmoendolithic microorganisms). The materials originated from a variety of topical martian analogue localities on Earth, including impact craters, high-latitude deserts, and hydrothermal deposits. Our in situ payload included a stereo camera, microscope, M?ssbauer spectrometer, and sampling device (all space-qualified units from Beagle 2), and an array of commercial instruments, including a multi-spectral imager, an X-ray spectrometer (calibrated to the Beagle 2 instrument), a micro-Raman spectrometer, and a bespoke (custom-designed) X-ray diffractometer. All experiments were conducted within the engineering constraints of in situ operations to generate realistic data and address the practical challenges of measurement. Our results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach for this type of work. Each technique made a proportionate contribution to the overall effectiveness of our "pseudopayload" for biogenic assessment of samples yet highlighted a number of limitations of current space instrument technology for in situ astrobiology.     

Drilling systems for extraterrestrial subsurface exploration

Drilling consists of 2 processes: breaking the formation with a bit and removing the drilled cuttings. In rotary drilling, rotational speed and weight on bit are used to control drilling, and the optimization of these parameters can markedly improve drilling performance. Although fluids are used for cuttings removal in terrestrial drilling, most planetary drilling systems conduct dry drilling with an auger. Chip removal via water-ice sublimation (when excavating water-ice-bound formations at pressure below the triple point of water) and pneumatic systems are also possible. Pneumatic systems use the gas or vaporization products of a high-density liquid brought from Earth, gas provided by an in situ compressor, or combustion products of a monopropellant. Drill bits can be divided into coring bits, which excavate an annular shaped hole, and full-faced bits. While cylindrical cores are generally superior as scientific samples, and coring drills have better performance characteristics, full-faced bits are simpler systems because the handling of a core requires a very complex robotic mechanism. The greatest constraints to extraterrestrial drilling are (1) the extreme environmental conditions, such as temperature, dust, and pressure; (2) the light-time communications delay, which necessitates highly autonomous systems; and (3) the mission and science constraints, such as mass and power budgets and the types of drilled samples needed for scientific analysis. A classification scheme based on drilling depth is proposed. Each of the 4 depth categories (surface drills, 1-meter class drills, 10-meter class drills, and deep drills) has distinct technological profiles and scientific ramifications.     

Formaldehyde in the far outer galaxy: constraining the outer boundary of the galactic habitable zone

We present results from an initial survey of the 2(12)-1(11) transition of formaldehyde (H2CO) at 140.8 GHz in giant molecular clouds in the far outer Galaxy (RG >or= 16 kpc). Formaldehyde is a key prebiotic molecule that likely plays an important role in the development of amino acids. Determining the outermost extent of the H2CO distribution can constrain the outer limit of the Galactic Habitable Zone, the region where conditions for the formation of life are thought to be most favorable. We surveyed 69 molecular clouds in the outer Galaxy, ranging from 12 to 23.5 kpc in galactocentric radius. Formaldehyde emission at 140.8 GHz was detected in 65% of the clouds. The H2CO spectral line was detected in 26 of the clouds with RG > 16 kpc (detection rate of 59%), including 6 clouds with RG > 20 kpc (detection rate of 55%). Formaldehyde is readily found in the far outer Galaxy-even beyond the edge of the old stellar disk. Determining the relatively widespread distribution of H2CO in the far outer Galaxy is a first step in establishing how favorable an environment this vast region of the Galaxy may be toward the formation of life.     

Experiment LEND of the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for high-resolution mapping of neutron emission of the Moon

The scientific objectives of neutron mapping of the Moon are presented as 3 investigation tasks of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. Two tasks focus on mapping hydrogen content over the entire Moon and on testing the presence of water-ice deposits at the bottom of permanently shadowed craters at the lunar poles. The third task corresponds to the determination of neutron contribution to the total radiation dose at an altitude of 50 km above the Moon. We show that the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) will be capable of carrying out all 3 investigations. The design concept of LEND is presented together with results of numerical simulations of the instrument's sensitivity for hydrogen detection. The sensitivity of LEND is shown to be characterized by a hydrogen detection limit of about 100 ppm for a polar reference area with a radius of 5 km. If the presence of ice deposits in polar "cold traps" is confirmed, a unique record of many millions of years of lunar history would be obtained, by which the history of lunar impacts could be discerned from the layers of water ice and dust. Future applications of a LEND-type instrument for Mars orbital observations are also discussed.     

Challenges for coring deep permafrost on Earth and Mars

A scientific drilling expedition to the High Lake region of Nunavut, Canada, was recently completed with the goals of collecting samples and delineating gradients in salinity, gas composition, pH, pe, and microbial abundance in a 400 m thick permafrost zone and accessing the underlying pristine subpermafrost brine. With a triple-barrel wireline tool and the use of stringent quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols, 200 m of frozen, Archean, mafic volcanic rock was collected from the lower boundary that separates the permafrost layer and subpermafrost saline water. Hot water was used to remove cuttings and prevent the drill rods from freezing in place. No cryopegs were detected during penetration through the permafrost. Coring stopped at the 535 m depth, and the drill water was bailed from the hole while saline water replaced it. Within 24 hours, the borehole iced closed at 125 m depth due to vapor condensation from atmospheric moisture and, initially, warm water leaking through the casing, which blocked further access. Preliminary data suggest that the recovered cores contain viable anaerobic microorganisms that are not contaminants even though isotopic analyses of the saline borehole water suggests that it is a residue of the drilling brine used to remove the ice from the upper, older portion of the borehole. Any proposed coring mission to Mars that seeks to access subpermafrost brine will not only require borehole stability but also a means by which to generate substantial heating along the borehole string to prevent closure of the borehole from condensation of water vapor generated by drilling.     

中断起飞极限速度的计算分析

提出了计算中断起飞极限速度的基本公式和程序设计方法,根据飞行部门中断起飞的实际问题,对两种情况的中断起飞过程进行了计算分析。计算方法和过程分析对于飞行中处置中断起飞特情具有指导意义。