修理或改装数据的技术评估

大型民用运输类航空器在商业运行中,对维护或改装等工作所依据的技术数据变更进行技术评估,例如当航空承运人执行与制造商颁发的各类持续适航文件或服务文件中数据不同的标准和操作时,如何高效地确保这些技术变更满足适用的适航标准和程序,非常值得研究。美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)飞机认证和飞行标准服务部门共同开发了咨询通告AC 120-77 MAINTENANCE AND ALTERATION DATA,其提供了一种可以实施但并不唯一的方法,该AC不是强制性的,也不是法规。结合AC 120-77以及行业实践,讨论一套方法,使航空公司能够利用可靠的依据,安全并且更加高效地确保所执行的维护、变更或继续使用的状态符合适用的法规和现有政策,能够为日常运行中飞机维修技术方案的制定和工程决策提供安全并且更加高效的技术保障。     

飞机起落架的TIG焊工艺

对用手工TIG焊方法代替目前航空部队采用的手工电弧焊(SMAW焊)修理飞机起落架进行了初步探讨,并经试验得出了TIG焊的最佳焊接工艺。     

基于接触状态的叶冠预扭设计

针对某工程的实际问题,建立了叶片三维分析模型,应用谐波平衡法和时频转换法,分析了叶冠结构参数与安装状态下叶冠力学性能的关系,总结了叶冠几何参数对接触状态的影响规律;就叶冠接触状态与叶冠磨损之间的关系进行了讨论;基于接触状态的设计理论,提出了叶冠预扭设计基本思想和工程方法.     

竖直平板自然对流强化换热的实验

研究各种强化换热结构对竖直平板自然对流换热的强化作用.通过比较圆柱扰流、圆锥扰流、三棱柱扰流、三棱锥扰流、四棱柱扰流、四棱锥扰流和直角三角翼纵向涡发生器LVG(Longitudinal vortex gener-ator)等对自然对流换热的强化效果,发现:单种换热结构中直角三角翼纵向涡发生器的强化换热效果最好,组合结构中直角三角翼叉排与圆柱扰流的混合排列换热效果最好,其能将竖直平板自然对流换热效果提高24.%.      

机动目标拦截末制导状态估计器的误差特性

 针对大机动目标拦截问题,分析了末制导阶段目标机动条件下状态估计器的误差特性。首先将目标机动输入未知时的状态估计器模型表示为一随机线性混合系统,当混合系统的模式跳变事件满足可观测性条件时,模式决策过程可等效为真实模式的延迟;随后推导了模式决策延迟条件下估计误差的动态方程与传递函数,并得到了一定误差要求下模式决策延迟的上界与目标机动模式逗留时间的下界;最后通过空空导弹拦截高速战机的典型实例验证了该理论分析的正确性。研究结果为设计此类线性混合系统估计器提供了理论依据。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

基于滚动时域的舰载机甲板运动轨迹跟踪最优控制

针对单机滑行、无杆牵引系统以及有杆牵引系统的轨迹跟踪问题进行了研究。首先，将这3种系统的轨迹跟踪问题转化为最优控制问题，并建立了连续非线性舰载机系统的轨迹跟踪模型。然后，基于第3类生成函数，提出了适用范围更广的全状态保辛伪谱算法，并结合滚动时域理论提出了基于滚动时域（RHC）的在线跟踪最优控制方法，证明了所提算法是一种保辛算法。基于所提出的在线跟踪算法，对单机滑行、无杆牵引系统、有杆牵引系统在存在初始偏差和持续外界扰动情况下的轨迹跟踪问题分别进行了研究，并与BackwardSweep方法进行对比分析，结果表明本文所提出的跟踪算法可以有效地解决具有控制约束和状态约束的轨迹跟踪问题，并可以更高的跟踪精度和计算效率对标准轨迹进行跟踪，可完全满足实时跟踪的要求。最后，分别从初始偏差和持续外界扰动的角度研究了这3种不同方式的跟踪特性。     

空间堆核动力技术选择研究

目前,基于太阳能、化学能的空间电源与空间推进技术,其技术能力的发展已接近极限状态,未来亟需开发基于核能的先进空间动力技术。针对低成本空间轨道运输、高功率载荷航天器、深空探测器、行星表面探测与开发等应用场景,以空间堆核电源为重点,分析了国际发展现状和未来航天需求,分别针对大功率(100 kWe～1 MWe)和小功率(1 kWe～10 kWe)应用需求,提出了技术主导方案,围绕主导技术方案梳理了关键技术,为我国空间堆核动力技术发展规划和预先研究提供参考。     

函数传递法求解悬链线问题

悬链线问题是一类经典又多变的力学问题，其曲线构形指导着桥梁等工程应用的结构设计。为了求得结构特征或载荷特征不同的悬链线的变形，提出了一种基于传递矩阵法思想的、通用性较好的求解方法。首先，提炼出悬链力学模型，将悬链顺序划分成若干简单单元，结合单元力平衡和本构-几何关系解得单元特征函数方程组，顺序嵌套单元特征函数方程组获得整体特征函数方程组；然后，使用离散Newton迭代法对该非线性方程组进行求解，获得悬链的受力和变形；最后，算例验证了结果与解析解的一致性。函数传递法对具有复杂结构特征和载荷特征的悬链线问题有很好的适用性，对求解其他可划分为若干首尾相接结构单元的结构系统的广义变形也适用。      

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.