风洞模型-支撑系统涡激振动测量与分析

以0.55m×0.4m低湍流航空声学风洞某模型及其支撑系统为研究对象,采用基于加速度传感器直接测量支撑系统和热线间接测量模型尾流相结合的方法,测量并分析了风洞模型-支撑系统的涡激振动模态,给出了测量方案和数据处理方法。采用基于加速度传感器的功率谱分析方法,获得了模型-支撑系统的三阶振动频率分别为31.1、120.9和221.4Hz;采用基于加速度传感器的频域滤波和频域积分方法,提高了有效信号的信噪比,获得了模型-支撑系统振动的振型和振动节点位置;采用热线测量模型尾流分离涡脱落频率的方法,获得了模型一阶和二阶振动的尾流涡激频率分别为31.1和124.1 Hz,并从测量尾流速度脉动量获得了模型振幅变化和抖振边界信息。实验结果表明,采用热线测量模型尾流从而分析模型振动的方法,有利于小尺度的模型振动测量,而且相对于加速度传感器装于模型表面的直接测量方法而言,对试验模型的绕流流场干扰较小,为测量风洞试验模型的涡激振动模态提供了一种方法。     

Fractional order tension control for stable and fast tethered satellite retrieval

The retrieval of a tethered satellite system is intrinsically unstable. This paper develops a new control strategy to retrieve the tethered satellite system stably and quickly using the fractional order control theory. The governing equation of the tethered satellite system and classic linear feedback tension control law were first reviewed and examined as a benchmark. Then, a new fractional order tension control law has been to avoid the tethered satellite winds around the main satellite near the end of retrieval by existing integer order tension control laws. The newly proposed control law has been discretized and implemented by the Laplace transform and Tustin operator. Unlike the existing integer order control laws, which are based on the feedback of current state and memoryless, the fractional order control law has the memory of previous states and thus controls the tether retrieval more smoothly while maintaining the retrieving speed. The effectiveness and advantage of the new fractional order tension control law is demonstrated numerically by comparing with its integer order counterpart. The results show that the new control law not only retrieves the subsatellite without winding around the main satellite, but also provides a better control performance with smaller in-plane libration angles.     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

脉压雷达旁瓣匿影工作模式与抗干扰性能分析

旁瓣匿影是脉冲压缩雷达中常用的抗干扰技术。首先基于旁瓣匿影的一般结构,构建了脉压前匿影与脉压后匿影两种工作模式。然后重点针对不同工作模式下的雷达抗干扰性能和检测性能进行了理论分析和仿真研究。结果表明,脉压前匿影比较适合对抗压制性脉冲干扰,而脉压后匿影则更适合对抗欺骗性脉冲干扰。     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

含氟固体憎水剂的制备及其膜层性能

以有机硅氧烷为基料,通过添加羟基氟硅油等成分,制备了一种含氟固体憎水剂.将所制备的固体憎水剂按不同浓度用乙醇溶解后分别涂覆于A3钢材料表面,均获得了厚度小于1 μm的透明憎水膜层.研究了这些膜层的憎水性和耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,憎水剂的浓度对膜层的憎水性、憎水稳定性及耐腐蚀性等都有影响;氟的添加可有效提高膜层的憎水性能,接触角提高约20°左右,膜层的耐腐蚀性能也得到显著提高.      

空对空导弹对战斗机空战效能影响的仿真

定量分析了空对空导弹的装机数量、主要作战使用性能和机动能力对战斗机空战效能的影响,研究了作战过程中空对空导弹的有效使用方式,以提高战斗机的生存能力和空战效能.空对空导弹的动力学模型采用三自由度质点方程,典型运动轨迹分为分离、拉开、接敌3个阶段.同时给出了每个阶段对导弹轨迹的不同要求,在仿真中也考虑了导弹的雷达散射截面(RCS).采用一对一空战对抗形式,对幻影2000飞机与F16飞机在高空中距、携带不同数量的空对空导弹、以及在不同的时机使用等情况下,进行了空战仿真,结果表明载机速度、分离角度以及空对空导弹使用速度对战斗机的空战效能有很大影响.     

FGM零件快速原型制造中支撑自动生成模块设计

功能梯度材料是一种新型非均质材料,有着广泛的应用前景.传统的制造设备无法满足加工这种材料零件的要求,快速原型制造技术使得功能梯度材料零件的制造加工得以实现.支撑设计决定快速原型制造产品精度.针对功能梯度材料零件数字化设计制造中的支撑生成问题,采用了基于邻边排序的Stereo Lithography模型切片算法并提出了基于多边形布尔运算的支撑生成算法.根据功能梯度材料零件几何信息及零件内部材料分布信息实现支撑间距自适应改变,提高了快速原型产品精度.通过对支撑自动生成实例的分析,验证功能梯度材料零件快速原型制造中支撑自动生成算法的正确性.      

基于有限元Craig缩聚模型的基础激励和载荷识别

载荷识别是用有限自由度的加速度测量值推断外力.基础激励是在基础自由度上加给定的加速度时间历程激振结构,求整个结构的动响应.利用Craig减缩模型的性质,及界面自由度的已知运动可求出整个结构其余自由度的动力学响应,完成基础激励求解.在此基础上用已知的界面自由运动和求得的非界面自由度的动力学响应,代入结构动力学方程即可实现载荷识别.本方法唯一能给基础激励和载荷识别结果带来的偏差是Craig缩聚模型与原始有限元模型间的差异,对此用频响分析的方式,直接从频响曲线的变化来确定缩聚模型的精度.算例表明这一新的基础激励和载荷识别途径是有效的.