动基座近舰面流场数值模拟

航母尾迹流场对舰载机的着舰有较大影响,所以需要对其流场特点进行研究,分析不同状态下舰载机气动特性的变化。采用嵌套网格技术对航母处于垂荡状态下无人机的着舰进行了模拟。首先,利用SFS2舰船进行数值计算,验证了舰船流场的数值模拟方法。然后,对比了单独无人机定常与非定常计算结果,表明所建立的嵌套网格适用于无人机流场的模拟。接着,对航母单相流和两相流的流场结果进行了分析,结果显示甲板下方的流动对甲板上方流场没有大的影响。因此,忽略了水的影响只对航母在空气流场中的特性进行研究,结果表明航母尾迹非定常特性明显,静止航母下滑轨迹上的速度均处于周期性波动状态,且波动幅值随着远离航母而逐渐衰减;而在垂荡情况下航母尾迹变得更加紊乱,水平方向速度波动的周期性减弱,但垂向速度的波动幅值进一步增大。对于静止航母,无人机在不同时刻着舰气动特性的变化也存在差异;当航母处于垂荡状态时,无人机的升力和俯仰力矩在短时间内会有更大的波动。     

气体流场对C／C复合材料CVI致密化效果的影响

以丙烯为碳源气体,研究平板针刺预制体在不同倾斜角放置和不同进气方式条件下化学气相渗透（ CVI）工艺制备C／C复合材料的致密化效果。采用工业CT、浸泡介质法和偏光显微镜对沉积样品的密度分布、开孔孔隙率和织构分别进行表征。沉积102 h后,倾斜17°、前进气条件下试件的密度最高,达到1．45 g／cm－3。结果表明,试样由底端到顶端的密度是有小幅递增的,开孔孔隙率是逐渐减小的。4块试件热解炭的织构以光滑层为主,试样消光角的测量结果表明直立状态和倾斜17°、后进气状态热解炭织构取向度从底部到顶端有增大的趋势,这种织构的增长趋势与锥形回转体扩张段的材料设计相符合。     

改善返回舱气动稳定特性数值计算研究

和第一宇宙速度载人再入飞行相比,以第二宇宙速度载人再入飞行对返回器的升阻比要求较高。文章给出了一种升阻比能够满足第二宇宙速度再入需求的返回器基本外形,分析了基本外形的气动性能以及质心位置对气动稳定特性的影响,结果表明基本外形在高超声速和亚声速下均存在第二静稳定配平点的问题。为了改善基本外形的气动稳定特性,文章提出了多种改进外形设计,包括增加稳定耳片、改变尾部外形设计等。通过数值模拟对这些改进外形的气动稳定性进行了分析,结果表明这些改进设计对于改善返回器的单点稳定特性是有效的。通过对流场特性的详细分析,对改进气动设计改善返回器稳定特性的机理进行了揭示和阐释。     

Fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff Principle and Birkhoff′s Equations in Terms of Riesz Fractional Derivatives

The dynamical and physical behavior of a complex system can be more accurately described by using the fractional model.With the successful use of fractional calculus in many areas of science and engineering,it is necessary to extend the classical theories and methods of analytical mechanics to the fractional dynamic system.Birkhoffian mechanics is a natural generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics,and its core is the Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and Birkhoff′s equations.The study on the Birkhoffian mechanics is an important developmental direction of modern analytical mechanics.Here,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff variational problem is presented and studied.The definitions of fractional derivatives,the formulae for integration by parts and some other preliminaries are firstly given.Secondly,the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and the fractional Birkhoff′s equations in terms of RieszRiemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and Riesz-Caputo fractional derivatives are presented respectively.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

机载天线RCS减缩及其布局设计

机载天线系统是飞机的强散射源之一,对飞机隐身性能有着重要的影响。本文针对国外第四代战斗机机载天线系统的设计与布局,研究了具有低散射特性的机载天线系统设计技术措施,讨论了其机理和效能。对机载天线系统进行雷达散射截面积(Radar cross section,RCS)减缩设计与布局,在保证系统性能的同时,有效降低其RCS。     

CAFUC视阈下对英语专业教学改革的微观研究

英语专业是中国民航飞行学院(CAFUC)唯一的文科类专业。英语专业的教学改革是一个长期持续的课题。从CAFUC视阈角度对英语专业教学改革做出微观研究,分析了CAFUC英语专业的优劣势并预测了今后的教学思路。     

脉压雷达旁瓣匿影工作模式与抗干扰性能分析

旁瓣匿影是脉冲压缩雷达中常用的抗干扰技术。首先基于旁瓣匿影的一般结构,构建了脉压前匿影与脉压后匿影两种工作模式。然后重点针对不同工作模式下的雷达抗干扰性能和检测性能进行了理论分析和仿真研究。结果表明,脉压前匿影比较适合对抗压制性脉冲干扰,而脉压后匿影则更适合对抗欺骗性脉冲干扰。     

美国海基激光武器的发展

跟踪研究了美国海基激光武器的发展动态,论述了其发展历程、基本构成、作战流程和发展现状,剖析了其关键技术的攻关进展情况,预测了其未来作战应用,并得出相应结论。     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.