螺旋铣孔技术研究进展

各种连接孔的加工是航空航天构件装配中的重要工作之一。新型大型飞机等难加工材料使用越来越多、制孔孔径深度越来越大、制孔精度质量要求越来越高,使得制孔加工变得越发困难,传统制孔方法逐渐不能满足需求。螺旋铣孔是一种针对航空航天构件装配制孔需求出现的新技术,其采用特制刀具通过偏心铣削的方式实现圆孔加工。由于材料去除原理改变,螺旋铣孔相对传统制孔方法在加工精度、生产效率、刀具成本、适用性等多个方面表现出优势,成为当前航空航天领域制孔技术的研究热点之一。首先在阐述螺旋铣孔基本原理的基础上分析了其技术优势;然后重点围绕加工机理与专用装备两个方面,概述了螺旋铣孔技术的发展现状;最后,分析了螺旋铣孔技术的发展趋势。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite Beam with Matrix Cracks Using Multiscale Modeling

A multiscale method for simulating the dynamic response of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with matrix cracks is developed. At the global level, the finite element method is employed to simulate the dynamic response of a CMC beam. While at the local level, the multiscale mechanical method is used to estimate the stress/strain response of the material. A distributed computing system is developed to speed up the simulation. The simulation of dynamic response of a Nicalon/CAS-II beam being subjected to harmonic loading is performed as a numerical example. The results show that both the stress/strain responses under tension and compressive loading are nonlinear. These conditions result in a different response compared with that of elastic beam, such as: 1) the displacement response is not symmetric about the axis of time; 2) in the condition of small external load, the response at first order natural frequency is limited within a finite range; 3) decreasing the matrix crack space will increase the displacement response of the beam.     

矩形变截面梁横向振动自振频率的传递函数渐近解法

分析具有固定宽度而高度成线性分布的楔形梁。引入状态变量将模形梁的自由振动控制方程及边界方程写成状态空间形式。定义小参数,并利用摄动方法,得到常系数微分方程,从而得到问题的摄动解。最后给出了一些数值算例,验证了方法的可行性。     

并联H桥DC/DC变换器软开关技术研究

与传统的Buck电路相比,基于H桥并联的DC/DC变换器可以实现电压的双极性输出和故障时的冗余控制,非常适合用于大功率电动机正反转控制的场合。分析了并联H桥型DC/DC变换器的结构组成和双脉宽调制(PWM)模式。为了降低双脉宽调制下H桥型DC/DC变换器的开通和关断损耗,对无源软开关技术进行了分析,重点探讨了RCD缓冲电路和最小应力缓冲电路之间的性能差异,指出最小应力软开关技术可以获得更好的软开关性能,并就将其用于双脉宽调制下的并联H桥DC/DC变换器进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:最小应力软开关技术用于双脉宽调制下并联H桥DC/DC变换器时,可以实现开关管的零电压开通和零电流关断。     

Identification of the state-space model and payload mass parameter of a flexible space manipulator using a recursive subspace tracking method

The on-orbit parameter identification of a space structure can be used for the modification of a system dynamics model and controller coefficients. This study focuses on the estimation of a system state-space model for a two-link space manipulator in the procedure of capturing an unknown object, and a recursive tracking approach based on the recursive predictor-based subspace identification (RPBSID) algorithm is proposed to identify the manipulator payload mass parameter. Structural rigid motion and elastic vibration are separated, and the dynamics model of the space manipulator is linearized at an arbitrary working point (i.e., a certain manipulator configuration). The state-space model is determined by using the RPBSID algorithm and matrix transformation. In addition, utilizing the identified system state-space model, the manipulator payload mass parameter is estimated by extracting the corresponding block matrix. In numerical simulations, the presented parameter identification method is implemented and compared with the classical algebraic algorithm and the recursive least squares method for different payload masses and manipulator configurations. Numerical results illustrate that the system state-space model and payload mass parameter of the two-link flexible space manipulator are effectively identified by the recursive subspace tracking method.     

飞翼布局飞机阵风减缓主动控制风洞试验

飞翼布局飞机具有优越的隐身和气动特性,但由于布局原因无法配置常规控制面,因此常规布局飞机的阵风减缓控制方法不再适用。针对大展弦比飞翼布局飞机,设计了风洞模型、具有沉浮和俯仰2个方向自由度的支持系统以及能够产生连续正弦阵风的阵风发生器,采用经典控制律理论设计了能够同时减缓翼尖过载和翼根弯矩的3组控制方案,开展了阵风减缓主动控制风洞试验,对开、闭环试验数据进行了分析。试验数据表明,和正常式布局飞机不同,阵风引起的飞翼布局飞机的翼尖过载和翼根弯矩在俯仰模态对应的频率处有一个很大的峰值,而在一弯频率附近峰值比较小;对于不同控制面组合,阵风减缓效果不一样;对于飞翼布局飞机,选用合适的控制面组合可以有效减缓阵风载荷和阵风响应。     

基于严格成像模型的卫星姿态角系统误差补偿

为消除卫星在轨运动过程中俯仰、偏航、滚动对遥感影像地面定位的影响,建立了卫星姿态角系统误差补偿模型,即在严格成像模型的基础上,对姿态角进行直接调整,以减小定位误差。利用环境减灾-1B（HJ-1B）卫星CCD1相机遥感影像进行分析,在单景影像的定位中,借助于2个地面控制点,将其系统误差减小到原来的1/3,从而验证了模型的有效性,为进一步在轨检校相机内部静态参数提供了前提。     

星载天线传感器优化部署的均匀设计方法

为提高模态密集大型星载天线在轨模态参数辨识精度,提出基于均匀设计的遗传算法对传感器数量和位置进行优化部署。根据模态空间H₂范数确定参振模态阶数;分别以测量信息正交性和能量最大为优化目标,引入均匀设计方法对传感器数量、种群规模、交叉概率和变异概率4个组合参数进行选取;采用特征实现算法进行在轨模态参数辨识研究。数学仿真表明：所提出的方法可以有效解决传感器数量和位置的优化部署问题,避免了以往人为经验选取参数时存在的主观性和盲目性问题。     

Investigation of Surface Integrity on TC17 Titanium Alloy Treated by Square-spot Laser Shock Peening

Laser shock peening(LSP) is an innovative surface treatment method,which has been shown to greatly improve the fatigue life of many metallic components.This work investigates surface integrity of TC17 titanium alloy treated by LSP with innovative square laser spot.Nd:glass laser with duration of 30 ns and spot size of 4 mm×4 mm is applied.The surface morphology and surface residual stress of the TC17 titanium alloy,treated with varying peening parameters such as laser power density and overlapping ratio,have been studied in detail.The results show that laser pulse energy greatly influences surface morphology and surface residual stress around single-spot treated areas,and compressive residual stresses are saturated as laser pulse energy is over 55 J.There are significantly different surface morphologies and residual stress distributions at the overlapped areas with different overlapping ratios.A relative smooth surface is produced with uniform compressive residual stress distribution at an overlapping ratio of 8 %.The experiment of residual stress relaxation is implemented by measuring residual stress at the center of four overlapped spots and by four point bending fatigue test at the frequency of 105 Hz.The compressive residual stresses induced by LSP are found to relax quite slowly under cyclic fatigue loading.     

不确定性颤振风险定量分析

 针对小风险颤振定量分析,提出一种概率鲁棒颤振初步分析方法。该方法结合鲁棒颤振分析和概率颤振分析,针对不同层次风险和不确定性水平提供颤振边界特性全面信息,给决策制定提供更好参考。在鲁棒颤振分析中,采用振型迭代的方法,通过结构奇异值( μ )分析和特征值求解得到零风险的鲁棒颤振临界速度。在概率颤振分析中,采用标准蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)方法得到较大风险时的颤振速度分布和概率临界速度。采用概率比较和二分法估计概率鲁棒颤振不确定度半径和概率鲁棒颤振临界速度,同时采用样本重新利用的随机方法估计颤振风险和不确定性定量关系。通过一个考虑集中质量不确定性的大展弦比双梁式机翼的颤振计算分析表明,确定型μ方法只能用于零风险颤振分析,标准的MCS方法只能用于较大风险颤振速度分布问题。概率鲁棒颤振分析结果表明增加1%颤振风险可以使不确定度半径增大62%或颤振速度边界增大5%,从而放宽了设计要求。