High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

涡脱落撞击潜入式喷管引起低频压力振荡研究

通过不同障碍高和不同加质的冷流数值模拟,着重研究碰撞频率（碰撞处压力振荡频率）与强度(碰撞处p_rms/p_mean)对于SRM内压力振荡幅频特性的作用程度。研究结果表明,SRM内压力振荡幅度与碰撞处的压力振荡大小为相同量级。当碰撞强度较小时,碰撞只起到增强声场的作用;当碰撞强度较大时,碰撞产生的压力振荡随碰撞强度的增加逐渐覆盖淹没声场。SRM内压力振荡的幅频特性主要由涡脱落碰撞强度决定,一般只呈现低频且具有非声非线性特征。     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.     

无源滤波器频率漂移的一种迭代算法

文章介绍了无源滤波器在试验过程中产生的典型幅频特性漂移曲线，并针对这些典型曲线提出了基于均方误差最小原则和牛顿迭代的频率漂移算法。     

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

杨氏双缝干涉光程差近似计算的弱化条件分析

利用平面几何勾股定理,推导出杨氏双缝干涉实验光程差的准确表达式,对光程差表达式进行同解变换,反演了明纹中心坐标与光程差的函数关系,并对明纹中心坐标表达式进行了分析讨论,给出了数值解,得出了 5点结论。结论表明,杨氏双缝干涉实验光程差近似计算的条件可弱化为光程差远小于双缝间距,且利用经典近似方法计算明纹中心坐标在干涉级次较大时误差较大。     

基于DSP的自适应桁架振动控制器设计

重量轻、功耗低、处理能力强的控制器对自适应桁架的空间应用具有重要意义。本文以自适应桁架空间应用为背景,进行了控制器的小型化设计。以DSP芯片TMS320VC33为核心,实现了自适应桁架振动控制器硬件,并开发了相应的控制程序。采用4阶线性二次型高斯(LQG)离散控制模型,在自适应桁架实验平台上进行了振动抑制实验。实验表明,以DSP为核心的小型化控制器能够实现对自适应桁架振动的有效抑制,达到了与dSPACE控制器相同的控制效果。     

宽带高集成多级射频互连技术

针对微波电路三维集成结构的迫切需求,开展宽带高集成多级射频互连技术研究。主要设计了两种电路结构,多级水平互连电路与多级垂直互连电路。多级水平互连电路中,通过优化同轴-微带线的水平过渡以及倒角过渡方式,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,回波损耗优于21dB,插入损耗优于0.16dB;多级垂直互连电路中,通过优化BGA板间互连结构,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,信号的回波损耗优于13dB,插入损耗优于0.57dB。在小型化、高集成的需求下,宽带高集成多级射频互连技术是解决宽带射频信号传输问题的关键技术路径,可以广泛应用在微波电路三维集成结构中,具有重大的应用前景。     

中国省际碳排放的测算及效率研究——基于生产和消费的双重视角

基于2012年30省份30部门的区域间非竞争型投入产出表,通过投入产出模型测算出生产和消费双重视角下省域间的实际碳排放量,并结合SBM-DEA模型度量碳排放效率。研究结果表明,大部分省份为碳净进口省份,少部分省份如河北、山西、内蒙古等为碳净出口省份;北京、上海和广东的生产型碳排放三种效率都完全有效,消费型碳排放效率完全有效的省份在生产型的基础上增加了江苏和福建,就规模效率而言大部分省份的消费型碳排放要略高于生产型碳排放。     

新构型倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学建模

倾转旋翼无人机飞行力学模型是设计飞行控制律和分析飞行特性的基础。从一款在研的新构型倾转旋翼无人机工程实际出发,建立该无人机非线性飞行力学模型;分析新构型倾转旋翼机相比常规倾转旋翼机的特点和优势,建立直升机模式、倾转过渡模式和固定翼模式下各部件飞行力学模型;并针对直升机模式,对不同飞行速度进行配平及稳定性分析。结果表明:该构型倾转旋翼无人机直升机模式横航向模态具有很好的稳定性,直升机模式悬停状态横纵向模态基本没有耦合。