高超声速流动中侧向喷流干扰特性的实验研究

在高超声速(M=6)流动中,实验研究了侧向喷流的干扰特性,并探讨了喷流压力、攻角、迎风侧及背风侧喷流对侧向喷流干扰特性的影响.结果表明,在高超声速流动中,随喷流压力增大,喷流弓形激波与来流弓形激波相交,喷流前的高压区增大,而喷流后的低压区几乎不受影响,喷流的控制效果加强.与迎风侧喷流相比,背风侧喷流控制效果更好,这一趋势随攻角的增大更加明显.     

一种有效的电路仿真验证技术

由于数字电路设计复杂性的增加以及日益紧迫的设计周期的压力,数字电路仿真模型的混合应用在实际应用中变得越来越重要。首先讨论了这种应用带来的问题以及相应的解决方法,接着介绍了混合仿真模型描述的数字电路进行功能验证的两种方案:以VHDL语言描述为顶层的设计方案和以原理图为顶层的设计方案。数字电路仿真模型的混合应用技术,是一种对于混合仿真模型描述的数字电路进行功能验证的方便、快捷的方法,使用该技术可以大大提高数字电路设计的质量和可靠性。     

Passage shock wave/boundary layer interaction control for transonic compressors using bumps

Flow separation due to shock wave/boundary layer interaction is dominated in blade passage with supersonic relative incoming flow, which always accompanies aerodynamic performance penalties. A loss reduction method for smearing the passage shock foot via Shock Control Bump(SCB) located on transonic compressor rotor blade suction side is implemented to shrink the region of boundary layer separation. The curved windward section of SCB with constant adverse pressure gradient is constructed ahead of...     

一种非线性模型下的复合材料螺栓连接失效分析

复合材料螺栓连接结构已广泛应用于飞机结构件,研究其拉伸失效问题具有重要意义。结合Hashin失效准则、能量耗散率方法、Puck失效准则和材料损伤连续退化方法,建立一种包含面内损伤和层间损伤的复合材料三维非线性模型;将含开孔层合板准静态拉伸试验结果与有限元数值模拟结果进行对比,两者之间的应力应变响应及最终断裂失效模式一致,证明该本构模型是有效的;在此基础上,对复合材料单钉双搭接螺栓连接结构进行拉伸失效分析。结果表明:数值模拟所得位移载荷响应与试验结果吻合良好,极限拉伸载荷误差不超过5%,满足工程应用要求;加载过程中的孔边变形和损伤累积使得螺栓连接结构整体刚度下降,其最终破坏模式为中搭接板挤压失效。     

航天发射塔回转轴承新型清洗剂研制

航天发射塔回转轴承由于尺寸较大、结构复杂等原因,对其直接进行拆卸保养的难度过大。针对航空煤油等传统轴承清洗液存在清洗不彻底、易燃易爆、人身健康危害等缺点,本文通过对轴承润滑脂的化学成分分析研究,配置出了一种新型清洗液,用于对航天发射塔回转轴承进行清洗。经实验验证,该清洗液具有易于配置、便于存储、除油率高等特点。     

轴承支撑的舵面热模态试验及支撑刚度辨识

对在大气层内及临近空间内长时间飞行的高超声速飞行器,其舵面的模态特性比固支的翼面更加复杂,除了与舵面自身的弹性模量及内部热应力有关外,还受到根部支撑刚度的较大影响,并且支撑刚度还将受到温度的影响。以轴承机构支撑的舵面为对象,考虑温度对支撑刚度的影响,建立了非固支的全动舵面支撑边界条件。通过设计舵面受热相同、支撑部位受热不同的加热工况,辨识出了连接面两侧温升对舵面支撑刚度的线性影响规律,并验证了辨识结果的有效性。结果表明：在舵面受热相同情况下,降低支撑部位的温升,可以有效减少舵面模态频率受气动加热的影响。研究结果可供安装此类舵面的飞行器防热设计参考。     

返回舱/空间探测器热防护结构发展现状与趋势

针对中国天地往返和深空探测领域对热防护结构的需求,综述了国内外返回舱和空间探测器热防护材料/结构的发展现状,着重介绍了包括蜂窝增强热防护材料、纤维增强热防护材料、组合式热防护结构以及展开式热防护结构等在内的代表性热防护材料/结构的设计理念和性能特征。在系统总结热防护结构发展趋势的基础上,分析了返回舱和空间探测器热防护结构发展中存在的关键问题,可以看出：纤维增强热防护材料在热防护结构重量方面表现出了突出优势,材料拼接设计成为结构发展的重要阻碍;组合式热防护结构设计在现有材料发展水平的基础上,将成为提高热防护结构效率的有力途径;展开式热防护结构有望使航天器有效载荷重量显著提升,但受限于柔性热防护材料性能和结构工艺,仍有待发展。更加频繁的天地往返运输和深空探测项目的开展必将对热防护结构发展产生巨大的推动作用。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

双后掠乘波体的非线性升力增长

基于密切锥的双后掠乘波体是定平面形状乘波体的典型应用,除了具有良好的宽速域性能,其升力在高超声速大迎角下的非线性增长也是值得研究的现象。对比双后掠乘波体与单后掠乘波体的气动性能,发现双后掠外形比同等面积的单后掠外形具有更强的非线性增升效应,而且随着马赫数增加,其效应不断增强。分析乘波体不同部件的气动力,发现这种增升主要来自下表面,上表面贡献很小,指出相关学者提出的"涡升力"观点存在问题。本文研究表明,双后掠乘波体升力随迎角的非线性增加,与后掠角对激波附着的影响有关：后掠角越小,激波越难脱体,只要激波附着,参考斜激波关系式,波后的压力随迎角的增长就是非线性的,导致升力增长非线性;而激波脱体,升力增长则趋于线性。