近期商用单级入轨飞行器的可行性

讨论了单级入轨火箭推进飞行器,尤其是使用航天飞机外置贮箱和六个航天飞机主发动机的一次性使用飞行器的可靠性和发射费用。减小发动机质量将是方案改进的主要方面。如果低成本、小质量的主发动机研制成功,那么一次性使用 SSTO(单级入轨)飞行器将拥有商用发射前景,而且有利于可重复使用 SSTO 飞行器的研制。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

《实用英语》教法研究新思路

本文主要阐明了教师在教授《实用英语》的过程中，应更多地寻找新思路，探求新方法，创造性地使用教材，以交际法为主线，博采众长，为我所用。根椐各流派教法，结合《实用英语》，作者着重讲述了如何灵活安排教学计划，提出课堂教学中切实可行的方法。     

强化实践教学与管理 提高实践质量与效果

本文以《模拟电路》及相关实验为例，分析了实践性教学的现状，找出了实践性教学中存在的问题。最后针对所存在的问题，提出了几点改进措施，以期达到提高实践质量与效果的目的。     

乌克兰的航天工业

乌克兰在运载火箭总体和控制系统方面的研制经验是比较丰富的。乌克兰虽已制定了自己的航天工业发展计划,但近几年内还形不成较完整的体系,需要依靠与俄罗斯的合作。简要介绍“天顶号”和“旋风号”运载火箭的研制情况。     

Ap复合固体推进剂稳态燃烧模型综述

对目前国内外典型的且较为成熟的高氯酸铵复合固体推进剂稳态燃烧模型进行了简要的综述,涉及的燃烧模型有:GDF模型、HR模型、BDP模型、临界粒径模型、PEM模型、CIT/JPL模型、两区模型和价电子模型。对上述模型的适用范围、特点和优缺点进行了较为客观的评价。     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。     

International cooperation in space — new opportunities, new approaches : An assessment

Now that the Cold War is over, the authors of this Viewpoint believe that in the interests of the USA as well as the rest of the world international cooperation should become a more fundamental element of US space policy. Cooperative agreements will not always be easy to reach and will require creative statecraft. To that end the USA should take the initiative in establishing a high-level international policy forum to facilitate discussions on the main goals and objectives to be served by international cooperation in space.     

线性四元树表示图象的距离变换

二元数组表示的图象使用的距离概念运用于线性四元树表示。指出棋盘距离特别适合于线性四元树。定义线性四元树的棋盘距离变换为树中各个黑四分形中心到最近边界四分形黑一白边界的距离。这里提出的距离变换算法主要特点是(1)它是一种代数方法,(2)各个四分形只计算一次距离,和(3)距离信息非常快地传递到区域内部。该算法可以推广到线性八元树表示的三维客体。     

微型FM/FM副载波解调器的设计与实现

介绍一种应用于FM/FM遥测系统的微型副载波解调器,相时于传统副载波解调器单独使用硬件进行解调处理的模式,系统在硬件上直接对多路副载波信号进行高速采样,然后将数据通过USB2．0总线实时上传到计算机,利用计算机强大的数字运算能力对副载波信号进行解调。这种方式极大地减小了硬件系统的尺寸和成本,并且便于实现对FM/FM遥测信号的存储和进一步分析处理。