基于增量式发育深度强化学习的无人机路径规划

为了克服深度强化学习训练时间长、收敛速度慢的问题,针对密集动态障碍环境下的无人机(UAV)路径规划,引入了增量式发育知识库,对深度确定性策略梯度(Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, DDPG)算法进行改进。首先,根据模糊匹配的思想建立威胁模式知识库,将飞行过程中遇到的密集动态障碍作为知识进行增量式存储,避免对相似障碍环境的重复训练。其次,在底层DDPG算法规划安全航路的基础上构建避障策略知识库,根据威胁模式直接输出避障策略,缩短训练时间。最后,搭建发育式的威胁-避障映射关系,实现“线上实时避障,线下自主寻优”,不断提升UAV避障性能。对比实验结果表明,所提方法能极大提高DDPG训练效率,满足UAV在密集动态障碍环境中实时避障的需求。     

Control strategies for aircraft airframe noise reduction

With the development of low-noise aircraft engine, airframe noise now represents a major noise source during the commercial aircraft’s approach to landing phase. Noise control efforts have therefore been extensively focused on the airframe noise problems in order to further reduce aircraft overall noise. In this review, various control methods explored in the last decades for noise reduction on airframe components including high-lift devices and landing gears are summarized. We introduce recent major achievements in airframe noise reduction with passive control methods such as fairings, deceleration plates, splitter plates, acoustic liners, slat cove cover and side-edge replacements, and then discuss the potential and control mechanism of some promising active flow control strategies for airframe noise reduction, such as plasma technique and air blowing/suction devices. Based on the knowledge gained throughout the extensively noise control testing, a few design concepts on the landing gear, high-lift devices and whole aircraft are provided for advanced aircraft low-noise design. Finally, discussions and suggestions are given for future research on airframe noise reduction.     

关于航空工业科研政策与管理若干问题的思考

从科技与经济的结合入笔，探讨了航空工业科研技术创新社会条件的构造和完善，以及创新体制的建设、创新动力机制的建立等问题。     

Progress on space medicine in 2008—2010

Space Medicine is a special subject to be rising with the development of manned spaceflight. In China, Space Medicine has achieved great development during the past two years. In this paper, the basic research of Space Medicine and its application in China during 2008--2010 were briefly introduced.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

Advanced multiple response surface method of sensitivity analysis for turbine blisk reliability with multi-physics coupling

To reasonably implement the reliability analysis and describe the significance of influencing parameters for the multi-failure modes of turbine blisk, advanced multiple response surface method(AMRSM) was proposed for multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability. The mathematical model of AMRSM was established and the basic principle of multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis for reliability with AMRSM was given. The important parameters of turbine blisk failures are obtained by the multi-failure mode sensitivity analysis of turbine blisk. Through the reliability sensitivity analyses of multiple failure modes(deformation, stress and strain) with the proposed method considering fluid–thermal–solid interaction, it is shown that the comprehensive reliability of turbine blisk is 0.9931 when the allowable deformation, stress and strain are3.7*10~(-3)m, 1.0023*10~9 Pa and 1.05*10~(-2)m/m, respectively; the main impact factors of turbine blisk failure are gas velocity, gas temperature and rotational speed. As demonstrated in the comparison of methods(Monte Carlo(MC) method, traditional response surface method(RSM), multiple response surface method(MRSM) and AMRSM), the proposed AMRSM improves computational efficiency with acceptable computational accuracy. The efforts of this study provide the AMRSM with high precision and efficiency for multi-failure mode reliability analysis, and offer a useful insight for the reliability optimization design of multi-failure mode structure.     

Decentralized attitude synchronization tracking control for multiple spacecraft under directed communication topology

This paper studies the attitude synchronization tracking control of spacecraft formation flying with a directed communication topology and presents three different controllers. By introducing a novel error variable associated with rotation matrix, a decentralized attitude synchronization controller, which could obtain almost global asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system, is developed. Then, considering model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances, we propose a robust adaptive attitude synchronization controller by designing adaptive laws to estimate the unknown parameters. After that, the third controller is proposed by extending this method to the case of time-varying communication delays via Lyapunov–Krasovskii analysis. The distinctive feature of this work is to address attitude coordinated control with model uncertainties, unknown disturbances and time-varying delays in a decentralized framework, with a strongly connected directed information flow. It is shown that tracking and synchronization of an arbitrary desired attitude can be achieved when the stability condition is satisfied. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

不同纤维束下SiC陶瓷基复合材料拉伸强度及拉伸行为研究

为了探究C纤维和SiC纤维对SiC陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的影响,采用化学气相浸渗法(CVI)制备了纤维束复合材料Mini-C/SiC和Mini-SiC/SiC,测试了C纤维束、SiC纤维束、Mini-C/SiC和Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度,利用两参数Weibull分布模型研究了强度分布,并观察了复合材料的断口形貌。结果表明:两参数Weibull分布可有效合理地表征强度分布,并准确地进行强度预测。Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度高于Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料,且C纤维束和Mini-C/SiC复合材料拉伸强度的分散性低于SiC纤维束和Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料。C纤维束发生韧性断裂,SiC纤维束发生脆性断裂。当基体裂纹达到饱和状态时,Mini-C/SiC复合材料继续变形直至断裂,而Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料随即发生断裂,Mini-C/SiC复合材料的断口主要以纤维丝和纤维簇的拔出为主,而Mini-SiC/SiC复合材料的断口主要以纤维丝的拔出为主。该实验结果将为SiC陶瓷基复合材料的设计与制备提供参考与借鉴。     

The Marginal Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter for Mixed Linear/Nonlinear State Space Models

In this paper, the marginal Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （MRBPF）, which fuses the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （RBPF） algorithm and the marginal particle filter （MPF） algorithm, is presented. The state space is divided into linear and non-linear parts, which can be estimated separately by the MPF and the optional Kalman filter. Through simulation in the terrain aided navigation （TAN） domain, it is demonstrated that, compared with the RBPF, the root mean square errors （RMSE） and the error variance of the nonlinear state estimations by the proposed MRBPF are respectively reduced by 29% and 96%, while the unique particle count is increased by 80%. It is also found that the MRBPF has better convergence properties, and analysis has shown that the existing RBPF is nothing more than a special case of the MRBPF.     

The Full Flowpath Analysis of a Hypersonic Vehicle

对一种类X43-A吸气式高超飞行器全流道开展了M7一级的三维数值仿真研究,深入探索了进气道处于起动状态和不起动状态时全流道的冷流流场结构和和气动力特性,且部分结果与实验数据进行了对比。研究结果表明:(1)前体横截面上存在显著的展向压强梯度,使得经过预压缩的气流偏离了进气道进口,但同时也减少了进入内通道的边界层气流,提高了进口流场的品质;(2)后体喷流股的膨胀过程受到了周围外流的显著干扰,因而沿流动方向其截面形状不断发生变化,如在喷口附近为近似矩形,而在后体末端附近则演化为近似三角形;(3)当进气道处于不起动状态时,其全流道流动结构发生了显著变化,进气道的外部压缩波系往复振荡,尾喷管出口的喷流股也在不停的膨胀和收缩,具有极强的非定常特征;(4)当进气道处于不起动状态时,全机的气动力特性呈周期性变化,升阻比的变化幅度较大,在最大、最小值分别可达起动状态的2倍和1/4倍。另外,升力、阻力系数的变化曲线之间存在一定的相位差;(5)与实验结果的对照表明,所采用的数值仿真方法具有较高的精度。