空间非合作目标双行轨道根数快速生成算法

针对空间目标TLE拟合过程中可能出现的奇点问题,提出了基于无奇异变换的空间目标双行轨道根数（TLE）生成算法. 为提高观测平台对空间目标状态估计效率,提出带有自适应遗忘因子的非线性最小二乘递推算法,利用最速下降法在线修正遗忘因子,使得估计值有较快的跟踪速度和较小的稳态误差. 仿真结果表明,该TLE生成算法的数据处理速度和轨道预报误差满足要求,可用于低轨目标的天基监视.     

Tropospheric wet refractivity tomography using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) have been successfully used to reconstruct the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and in recent years be tentatively used in tropospheric wet refractivity and water vapor tomography in the ground-based GNSS technology. The previous research on ART used in tropospheric water vapor tomography focused on the convergence and relaxation parameters for various algebraic reconstruction techniques and rarely discussed the impact of Gaussian constraints and initial field on the iteration results. The existing accuracy evaluation parameters calculated from slant wet delay can only evaluate the resultant precision of the voxels penetrated by slant paths and cannot evaluate that of the voxels not penetrated by any slant path. The paper proposes two new statistical parameters Bias and RMS, calculated from wet refractivity of the total voxels, to improve the deficiencies of existing evaluation parameters and then discusses the effect of the Gaussian constraints and initial field on the convergence and tomography results in multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct the 4D tropospheric wet refractivity field using simulation method.     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

Simulation analysis for effects of bone loss on acceleration tolerance of human lumbar vertebra

The purpose of the present study was to analyze and predict the changes in acceleration tolerance of human vertebra as a result of bone loss caused by long-term space flight. A human L3–L4 vertebra FEM model was constructed, in which the cancellous bone was separated, and surrounding ligaments were also taken into account. The simulation results demonstrated that bone loss has more of an effect on the acceleration tolerance in x-direction. The results serve to aid in the creation of new acceleration tolerance standards, ensuring astronauts return home safely after long-term space flight. This study shows that more attention should be focused on the bone degradation of crew members and to create new protective designs for space capsules in the future.     

石墨烯用于提高材料抗原子氧剥蚀性能

提出新型二维纳米材料石墨烯在航天器上的应用.首先采用超声空化法制备得到石墨烯,然后将其添加到环氧树脂中,采用共混法制成纳米复合材料.热失重分析显示材料的热稳定性能有所提高.在地面模拟设备中对环氧树脂和纳米复合材料进行了原子氧效应试验,并对试验前后材料的质量损失、表面形貌和表面成分等进行了分析,结果表明纳米复合材料相对于纯环氧树脂,其抗原子氧剥蚀性能有明显提高.      

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

超空泡鱼雷外形优化

为了优化超空泡鱼雷的外形参数,获得同一空化数下的最大航行体体积,基于经验公式,考虑到空泡与超空泡雷体的关系,通过对圆盘空化器产生的超空泡形态近似处理和对超空泡鱼雷外形分段分析,推导了航行体最优外形下的半径计算公式.计算了一定空化数下航行体优化后的体积,与已有的某超空泡航行体原型做了对比,验证了优化结果的有效性.结果表明,外形优化能够增加航行体的容积和航程,提高超空泡鱼雷的性能.这为提高超空泡鱼雷的航程提供了一个方向,对今后超空泡航行体外形的优化设计提供参考.      

气动热CFD计算的格式效应研究

通过对N-S方程的求解计算了二维圆柱绕流及三维绕钝双锥高超声速流动过程中的气动热问题.对于求解方程,在空间离散的格式上,选用了3种上风格式——Roe的FDS,Van Leer的FVS和AUSM+格式以及一种中心差分格式,将各种格式所得的热流结果与实验结果进行了比较.对于AUSM+格式,还应用了minmod limiter 和 双 minmod limiter 两种限制器,并对结果进行了对比.      

通用仪器CAT可视软件开发平台

通用仪器CAT可视软件开发平台(以下简称"CAT"平台),是在深入研究各个校准实验室日常计量检测工作普遍规律的基础上,设计出的一套辅助实验室软件开发与应用的通用工具,可以完成检测软件开发与应用、证书编辑与生成、实验室信息管理等工作,全面提高校准实验室检定测试的技术与管理水平.     

基于距离测量的机器人误差标定及参数选定

为消除机器人运动学标定中的模型奇异问题,研究距离平方差模型的可辨识参数.采用修正DH（Denavit-Hartenberg）模型描述机器人连杆结构,六参数描述末端关节到工具坐标系的变换,推导了连杆参数误差到机器人末端距离平方差的线性模型,从冗余关系式和物理解释角度讨论冗余参数,确定可辨识参数,使用迭代的最小二乘法辨识参数完整且非奇异的模型.结合某6旋转关节机器人,以激光跟踪仪为测量仪器进行标定实验,在设计末端执行器时目标测量点偏离末端关节轴线以保证倒数第二关节参数的辨识.结果显示,距离平方差模型避免了测量坐标系到基坐标系的转换,检验点的距离误差均方根降低93.1%,完整性和非奇异性提高了参数辨识的有效性.