纳米技术

概述本世纪尚未开发的高新技术一纳米技术的兴起和研究进展。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

干涉配合构件的应力腐蚀开裂特性

采用恒载荷拉伸实验技术,研究了镀锌３０ＧｒＭｎＳｉＡ锡螺栓干涉配合连接ＬＹ１２－ＣＺ铝合金构件在３．５％ＮａＣａｌ＋０．５％Ｈ２Ｏ２溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂特性。结果表明,随干涉量的增加,应力腐蚀敏感性有所下降,基材与紧固件的电偶效应对应力腐蚀繁感性有重大影响。     

无虚拟节点罚函数位移协调法

基于罚函数提出了一种界面协调技术——无虚拟节点罚函数位移协调法,推导了该界面协调技术的耦合公式,证明了当惩罚参数y趋于无穷大时该方法的解趋于理论解.该方法的刚度矩阵具有对称性、带状性,同时该法还有精度高、计算效率高等优点.最后,通过算例分析,验证了其合理性.     

用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量的研究

描述了用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量研究的意义，原理和方法，提出了两种用纤内Bragg光栅动态应变测量时进行Bragg波长偏移量的解调方法；光干涉相位检测Bragg光栅反射波长偏移的解调方法和用DWDM密集波分复用器解调Bragg波长的方法，前者适用于高频宽带动态应变测量，后者适用于有限频率或中等频率响应的动态应变测量。     

柔性空间飞行器的变结构控制

 本文研究了大型柔性结构空间飞行器的控制问题。采用设定模态法,将系统化为常微分方程组所描述的系统。此系统是非线性的,被控运动是绕中心毂体的转动机动运动,并详细的讨论了变结构控制规律的应用。     

大攻角非对称涡特性及消除侧向力和力矩方法

本文提出了一个消除非对称力的头部外形方案。通过风洞实验,论证了方案是有效和稳定的。实验发现由对称涡向非对称涡的转变有一个不稳定区,建议用动态测力,得到与激光蒸汽屏流场相一致的结果,并研究其相互关系。     

4F傅里叶变换透镜系统对粒子场全息记录的影响

 4F傅里叶变换透镜系统在空间滤波和光学信息处理中,被广泛用来处理二维透光物体。但在实际应用中,4F系统也被用于三维场的研究。例如三维粒子场的全息记录。由于全息记录的特点,要求了解经4F系统转换后的粒子物光场,以确定粒子场的空间分布。而目前4F系统在粒子场全息记录的应用基础均借助对二维物场的研究理论。本文讨论了经4F系统转换后的三维粒子物光场的特点以及对全息记录的影响。     

雾化槽喷嘴初始燃油雾化特性的研究

 <正> 1.试验方法 雾化槽是由槽形挡板和直流式喷嘴组成的一种气动式雾化喷嘴。本文将研究在雾化槽喷嘴下游25mm截面上的初始燃油雾化特性。 利用激光全息测量雾化槽喷嘴的油雾场。为了减小油滴密度过大对激光全息测量的影响,在同一瞬时拍摄油雾场不同空间层次油滴分布的2～3张全息记录干板。激光全息记录系统为同轴光路系统。油雾场再现处理时,直接利用摄象机把再现油滴摄入,并在监视器     

硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度的测试与研究

设计了一种单纤维拔出试样制备方法,分析了单根硼纤维拔出特性;同时采用该方法分别测试了四种硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度。固化剂采用异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)的硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度比采用二乙烯三胺(DETA)的提高了44.7%;采用液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)改性环氧树脂的硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度提高了97.7%~135%。