高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿撞击射流直接数值模拟

高压环境下的撞击射流是液体火箭推进系统中广泛采用的一种燃料雾化方法,其雾化效果将直接决定最终燃烧效率。采用直接数值模拟（DNS）工具,对10 MPa高压环境下剪切稀化非牛顿直角撞击射流的三维非定常雾化特征、机理及非牛顿特性进行了研究。结果表明：高压环境下该撞击射流的雾化流场呈圆形辐射状分布并形成Mushroom头部和Ω状的局部凸起,气体中的涡量分布表现为有序贴附区和无序爆炸区两类,液膜向液丝的破碎主要受平均气体力和平均黏性力作用影响,而液丝向液滴的破碎则主要受局部流场参数影响,撞击雾化过程中液体无量纲表面积不断增长并可分为5个阶段。此外,撞击射流头部在局部强剪切力作用下其无量纲黏性系数最低降至仅0.7。     

中介轴承环下流道滑油流动及润滑效率分析

航空发动机主轴轴承（中介轴承）大多采用环下供油方式进行润滑,滑油在环下供油流道中的流动特性影响着轴承润滑效率,为了改善迄今滑油流动分析与喷射-收纳滑油分析相割裂及未考虑环下供油孔与滚动体相对位置变化所产生滑油输出时变性影响的不足,提出了考虑滑油输出时变性影响的喷油-收油与滑油流动集成分析方法。首先,将进入环下供油流道的滑油分解为直接喷入收油孔的滑油和沉积于收油环壁面上并沿周向流入收油孔的滑油,通过计算这两部分滑油流量获得进入环下供油流道的滑油流量;然后,基于环下供油孔和滚动体相对位置变化规律确定供油孔出口的时变边界条件,将其嵌入滑油流动瞬态分析模型,进行模型求解后得到环下供油流道各出口的滑油流量及轴承润滑效率。所提出的滑油流动分析方法较为系统也更符合工程实际,为中介轴承润滑效率的准确计算提供了技术方法和基础数据,有助于中介轴承润滑系统的精确设计。     

舰载无人机拦阻着舰中机身冲击响应分析

针对某舰载无人机拦阻着舰过程中的机体强度问题,以其中机身结构为主要研究对象,首次设计了包括中机身结构与前后机身、机翼假件以及拦阻钩等构件的地面拦阻模拟试验方案,并搭建了相应装置,采用地面试验和刚柔耦合仿真模拟2种方法,对拦阻着舰过程中拦阻力冲击下中机身结构的动态响应特性进行了全面分析。试验与仿真结果表明：中机身最大航向过载沿两条主传力路径自后机身到前机身方向衰减,下传递路径点的过载峰值明显大于上传递路径点的峰值;发现最大过载点位于拦阻接头处,应变危险点位于机腹梁前段处;中机身结构上各测点的试验和仿真过载误差均在5%以内,应变误差均在8%以内,验证了试验结果的有效性和刚柔耦合数值仿真方法的可行性。地面拦阻试验及数值仿真的联合分析可为舰载无人机机身结构强度设计提供重要参考,并为后续舰载无人机的拦阻着舰分析以及机身结构响应预测提供依据。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Robust adaptive compensation control for unmanned autonomous helicopter with input saturation and actuator faults

This paper studies a robust adaptive compensation Fault Tolerant Control(FTC) for the medium-scale Unmanned Autonomous Helicopter(UAH) in the presence of external disturbances,actuator faults and input saturation.To improve the disturbance rejection capacity of the UAH system in actuator healthy case, an adaptive control method is adopted to cope with the external disturbances and a nominal controller is proposed to stabilize the system.Meanwhile, compensation control inputs are designed to reduce the negative effects derived from actuator faults and input saturation.Based on the backstepping control and inner-outer loop control technologies, a robust adaptive FTC scheme is developed to guarantee the tracking errors convergence.Under the presented FTC controller, the uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals is ensured via Lyapunov stability analysis.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

封严篦齿特征参数对其密封性能影响的数值分析

利用软件CFX对直通型篦齿的内部流动进行模拟,研究了直通型篦齿齿距、转速对其泄漏量的影响.计算结果表明:篦齿泄漏量随齿距的增大而减少,篦齿转速对篦齿泄漏量的影响很小.另外,本文提出一种变齿距直通型篦齿,研究变齿距对篦齿泄漏量的影响,并对变齿距齿形所处位置对泄漏量的影响进行研究.     

某平台卫星发射及在轨力学环境测量与分析

为获取航天器准确的发射及在轨力学环境数据,设计了一套具有数据采集、存储和传输功能的星载测量系统。利用该系统对某大型平台卫星发射飞行过程进行了测量,获取了星箭界面及卫星结构典型位置在发射主动段的正弦振动响应、随机振动响应、冲击响应及在轨微振动的环境数据。将测量数据与星箭载荷耦合分析结果、地面力学试验结果进行了详细对比,结果表明:星箭载荷耦合分析的结果在星箭界面处横向相对准确,而纵向在有限频段准确,其他频段及星上分析结果均大于测量结果,即存在极大裕度;地面试验结果大于测量结果,意味着有较大的裁剪设计空间。测量数据对后续卫星模型修正、试验条件设计、相似平台卫星抗力学环境优化、部组件设计等均具有重要的参考价值。     

多旋翼无人机飞行控制自动调参技术

目前,多旋翼无人机控制器设计问题中存在着大量的依靠经验的调参工作。为了使调参简单而又可靠,本文基于控制器参数与控制系统性能响应存在的对应关系,提出了自动调参思想。在满足控制器各项性能指标的前提下,利用粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)提炼出优化目标和约束条件。对被控对象进行建模并搭建非线性模型。然后,利用工程实践方法估算出参数范围,并利用粒子群快速优化特点自动寻找在约束条件下符合性能指标的控制器参数。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink对模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果分析表明,PSD可快速准确地对飞行控制进行自动调参。     

基于非定常面元/黏性涡粒子法的低雷诺数滑流气动干扰

针对太阳能无人机螺旋桨滑流与机翼的气动干扰,考虑了低雷诺数流动下气体黏性和压缩性影响,并根据黎曼边界条件和涡量等效原则建立了能够快速计算分析螺旋桨-机翼气动干扰的非定常面元/黏性涡粒子的混合方法。首先使用有试验数据的风洞模型以及数值模拟技术对混合方法进行验证,在此基础上研究了不同安装位置与工况下螺旋桨与机翼的气动干扰。结果表明:螺旋桨对轴向气流的加速以及滑流诱导的上洗和下洗效应使机翼气动力呈现出增升增阻的现象,机翼升阻比有所下降。较大的弦向间距以及较高的垂直安装位置在减缓机翼升阻比下降的同时也使得螺旋桨拉力有所减小。对于多个螺旋桨的气动干扰,不同的桨叶旋转方向导致机翼气动力不同的变化规律,当旋转方向与机翼翼尖涡反向时,螺旋桨滑流能够抑制翼尖涡的强度,提高机翼气动效率。     

高重合度外啮合齿轮齿根弯曲应力计算方法

针对高重合度外啮合直齿圆柱齿轮副,对其齿根弯曲应力计算方法进行了研究.计算了高重合度齿轮的轮齿变形和刚度,对单个轮齿承受的载荷进行了研究,给出了高重合度齿轮齿间载荷分配率的定义和计算方法.以高重合度齿轮的双齿啮合界点作为计算载荷的加载点,给出了高重合度齿轮齿根过渡曲线30°切线位置危险截面的双齿啮合区界点的齿形系数和应力集中系数计算方法,获得了齿根危险截面弯曲应力的计算公式;采用CL 100齿轮试验机,设计了不同重合度的外啮合齿轮副,测量了其齿根的弯曲应力数值,试验结果表明:在高载荷下主动轮的齿根弯曲应力理论计算误差小于7.85%,从动轮的计算误差小于9.8%;低载荷下主动轮的齿根弯曲应力理论计算误差小于24.1%,从动轮的计算误差小于19%.