Obstacle avoidance handling and mixed integer predictive control for space robots

This paper presents a novel obstacle avoidance constraint and a mixed integer predictive control (MIPC) method for space robots avoiding obstacles and satisfying physical limits during performing tasks. Firstly, a novel kind of obstacle avoidance constraint of space robots, which needs the assumption that the manipulator links and the obstacles can be represented by convex bodies, is proposed by limiting the relative velocity between two closest points which are on the manipulator and the obstacle, respectively. Furthermore, the logical variables are introduced into the obstacle avoidance constraint, which have realized the constraint form is automatically changed to satisfy different obstacle avoidance requirements in different distance intervals between the space robot and the obstacle. Afterwards, the obstacle avoidance constraint and other system physical limits, such as joint angle ranges, the amplitude boundaries of joint velocities and joint torques, are described as inequality constraints of a quadratic programming (QP) problem by using the model predictive control (MPC) method. To guarantee the feasibility of the obtained multi-constraint QP problem, the constraints are treated as soft constraints and assigned levels of priority based on the propositional logic theory, which can realize that the constraints with lower priorities are always firstly violated to recover the feasibility of the QP problem. Since the logical variables have been introduced, the optimization problem including obstacle avoidance and system physical limits as prioritized inequality constraints is termed as MIPC method of space robots, and its computational complexity as well as possible strategies for reducing calculation amount are analyzed. Simulations of the space robot unfolding its manipulator and tracking the end-effector’s desired trajectories with the existence of obstacles and physical limits are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed obstacle avoidance strategy and MIPC control method of space robots.     

低轨星座短报文通信中的扩频信号二维快捕优化与实现

极弱信号、大多普勒动态变化条件下的接收机抗干扰、快速捕获同步技术是低轨卫星短报文数据通信的研究难点.本文首先分析了多普勒特性对低轨卫星扩频信号快捕的影响,讨论了现有各种捕获策略的优缺点.在此基础上提出双倍采样、补零的部分匹配滤波与快速傅里叶变换相结合的二维并行快速捕获优化设计方案,并进行了性能仿真分析,最后结合面向判决的同步技术,给出接收机原理样机捕获时间的实现结果.在给定前导码条件下,优化后的二维并行捕获平均时间为10 ms,远低于常规扩频码并行捕获的秒量级捕获时间,可以较好地满足低轨卫星星座全球短报文数据突发通信及随遇接入需求.     

温度对弹体应变测量影响及补偿方法研究

在恒压源或恒流源供电的情况时,被测物理量与周围环境温度同时作用下,研究桥式电路起始不平衡与输出信号之间的关系。得到了能够解释在外部物理作用下有效输出电压对温度依赖关系的解析表达式。     

轴对称无人直升机的一种全向控制方法

针对轴对称构型的无人直升机,在速度控制回路的基础上,提出了一种能够保证飞行过程中航向恒定的全向控制方法。通过分析无人直升机的特征值分布、状态响应和操纵响应特性,得到无人直升机在对称轴的法平面内具有各向一致性,具备实现全向控制的条件。提出了将给定速度在对称轴法平面内进行分解,并考虑侧偏修正的全向控制规律。仿真试验表明,全向控制能够精确地跟踪给定航迹,保持飞行过程中的航向恒定,在不转动机体的情况下,实现向各个方向的飞行。方法也可推广到其他类似的轴对称飞行器。     

基于模糊故障树的电液作动器可靠性分析

采用模糊故障树分析法,对引起电液作动器输出不稳定的各个因素进行系统分析,并建立了故障树。应用专家评分法对无统计资料的故障进行了概率估计,阐述了转换成模糊数的途径,将所有的底事件发生的概率表示为三角模糊数。应用模糊数截集的方法,进而计算顶事件和各子系统的发生概率的置信区间和基本事件的模糊重要度,并指明了系统改进的方向,为大型复杂的作动器系统进行可靠性分析提供了参考。     

CAN总线在航空领域应用的探讨

本文从Controller Area Network(CAN)总线的特点出发,通过将CAN总线与机载领域应用最成熟的1553B总线进行对比,分析了在航空领域,尤其是在航空机电系统中,局部采用CAN总线的可行性.然后从可靠性和实时性两个方面指出了CAN总线需要在机载适应性上进行的改进.最后结合国外已经发布的CANaero...     

生物体冻结研究

从简单的数学模型出发，利用直观的温度及浓度分布假设，对生物体冻结过程中的传热、传质进行了理论分析，并将结果与精确解及测量值进行了比较。其解法简单，省去了以往的有限差分求解的繁琐的计算过程，并且计算结果与试验数据吻合得很好。     

人—机—环境系统设计中人的性能研究

为了提高人－机－环境系统的性能特性，目前发展了以人为核心的人－机－环境系统设计思想，本文结合该设计思想，进一步分析了人－机－环境系统中人的性能研究的主要方面，提出了多因素耦合作用下人机特性模型将成为今后的主要研究方向。     

Black hole accretion and X-ray spectra of QSOS

Changes in Eddington accretion ratios are thought to result in X-ray spectral index changes in Galactic binary black hole systems. Objects with higher Eddington ratios have softer X-ray spectra. Can we apply this result to much more massive black hole systems such as QSOs? If so, X-ray observations will give us valuable insight into the physics of QSOs. Among QSOs, X-ray spectral index is part of a large set of correlated optical and UV observational properties, especially optical Fe II and [O III] strengths in the Hβ region. To investigate whether this set of correlations is related to Eddington ratio, we use as probes, BALQSOs that have been suggested to be youthful super-accretors. We conducted infrared spectroscopy of the Hβ rest wavelength region for a sample of BALQSOs and compared line measurements with those for high and low redshift non-BAL QSOs. Hβ line widths and bolometric luminosity are used to calculate QSO black hole masses and Eddington ratios. Our results support the hypothesis that optical Fe II and [O III] line strengths are Eddington ratio indicators in QSO central engines. A possible explanation is that strong Fe II and weak [O III] indicate abundant cold gas that could fuel near Eddington accretion.