时钟树综合中的有效时钟偏移

随着芯片设计向更高的频率发展,传统的时钟树综合策略是尽量减小时钟偏移,但是这样的时钟树综合策略已经逐渐不能满足时序收敛的需要,因此引入了有效时钟偏移的概念。文章通过一个在TSMC0．13μm工艺并流片成功的芯片BES7000作为设计实例,分析了有效时钟偏移引入之后对改进时序建立时间的效果。     

Estimation of dynamic characteristics of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">International Space Station</Emphasis> from measurements of microaccelerations

We describe the results of determining the mass of the International Space Station using the data of MAMS accelerometer taken during correction of the station orbit on August 20, 2004. The correction was made by approach and attitude control engines (ACE) of the Progress transporting spacecraft. The engines were preliminary calibrated in an autonomous flight using the onboard device for measuring apparent velocity increment. The method of calibration is described and its results are presented. The error in station mass determination is about 1%. The same data of MAMS and similar data obtained during the orbit correction on August 26, 2004 were used for the analysis of high-frequency vibrations of the station mainframe caused by operation of the ACE of Progress. Natural frequencies of the ACE are determined. They lie in the frequency band 0.024–0.11 Hz. ACE operation is demonstrated to result in a substantial increase of microaccelerations onboard the station in the frequency range 0–1 Hz. The frequencies are indicated at which disturbances increase by more than an order of magnitude. The study described was carried out as a part of the Tensor technological experiment.     

Determination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Foton M-2</Emphasis> satellite attitude motion by the data of microacceleration measurements

The results of reconstruction of uncontrolled attitude motion of the Foton M-2 satellite using measurements with the accelerometer TAS-3 are presented. The attitude motion of this satellite has been previously determined by the measurement data of the Earth’s magnetic field and the angular velocity. The TAS-3 data for this purpose are used for the first time. These data contain a well-pronounced additional component which made impossible their direct employment for the reconstruction of the attitude motion and whose origin was unknown several years ago. Later it has become known that the additional component is caused by the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field. The disclosure of this fact allowed us to take into account a necessary correction in processing of TAS-3 data and to use them for the reconstruction of the attitude motion of Foton M-2. Here, a modified method of processing TAS-3 data is described, as well as results of its testing and employing. The testing consisted in the direct comparison of the motion reconstructed by the new method with the motion constructed by the magnetic measurements. The new method allowed us to find the actual motion of Foton M-2 in the period June 9, 2005–June 14, 2005, when no magnetic measurements were carried out.     

基于神经网络的飞行器抗饱和自适应控制

针对传统自适应控制在飞行器作动器具有幅值饱和与速率饱和的情况下难以实现良好飞行控制的问题,提出了一种基于神经网络与伪控制隔离的飞行器抗饱和自适应控制方法.首先根据模型参考自适应控制理论,结合动态逆与神经网络自适应方法,分析了系统的模型跟踪误差动力特征,并考虑飞行器具有参数不确定和未建模误差等动态逆误差,设计了在线神经网...     

固体火箭发动机壳体/绝热层界面缺陷的声-超声检测

为了对固体火箭发动机钢壳体/绝热层界面缺陷进行有效检测,基于HSD4超声波发射/接收卡,构建了声-超声实验系统.对具有圆底孔和脱粘缺陷的钢壳体/绝热层试件进行了检测,检测信号分别采用了权振铃应力波因子方法和驻波共振模型进行分析.实验实现了对缺陷的有效检出,并可对圆底孔缺陷大小作定性评估和脱粘缺陷的定位.实验结果表明,声-超声实验系统对界面缺陷的检测是有效的.     

远程滑翔导弹滑翔段制导算法研究

提出了一种满足多种约束的远程滑翔导弹滑翔段在线规划制导算法.给出了攻角参考剖面与倾侧角大小的边界.利用拟平衡滑翔条件简化了滑翔段弹道.考虑地球旋转影响,利用修正的拟平衡滑翔条件,并结合速度与待飞航程的关系,将满足多约束的纵向参考弹道设计问题转化为单参数搜索问题.利用LQR方法完成纵向参考弹道跟踪,并采用改进的侧向制导策略生成侧向弹道.仿真结果表明,给出的制导算法可在线生成满足多种约束的三自由度弹道,在远程滑翔导弹滑翔段制导控制方面有一定的应用前景.     

基于自抗扰的直接力与气动力复合控制系统设计

针对直接力/气动力复合控制导弹的设计问题,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制技术的自动驾驶仪设计方法.首先分析了复合控制系统的特点和控制问题,建立了三通道的复合控制模型.然后针对俯仰通道和偏航通道提出了一种三环设计方法,内环和中环应用自抗扰控制器设计,主要考虑自抗扰控制器对对象参数变化和外部扰动的不敏感特性,外环采用PI控制器设计.最后针对滚转通道提出了一种双环设计方法,内环和外环均采用自抗扰控制器设计.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方案对过载指令具有较好的跟踪效果,且控制器具有很强的鲁棒性,适用于直接力/气动力复合控制导弹的控制系统设计.     

苏/俄交会对接技术研究

苏/俄交会对接技术的研发,最初是为20世纪60年代初苏联月球使命服务的,后来主要用于空间站的运输使命。因此,最初的＂联盟＂飞船逐步演变发展为联盟号载人飞船系列与进步号货运飞船系列。联盟号和进步号飞船应用＂指针＂或＂航向＂交会雷达系统,基本采用自动轨道交会方法。对应急运作,联盟号航天员可使用手控器;对于不载人的进步号使命...     

Microperturbations on the <Emphasis Type=Italic>International Space Station</Emphasis> during physical exercises of the crew

The results of a preliminary analysis of microperturbations on the International Space Station during physical exercises of the crew are presented. The goal of this paper is to identify the parameters of perturbations when physical exercises are performed. The results of measurements by sensors of microaccelerations of both Russian and American segments during physical exercises in the service module of the Russian segment are analyzed.     

Stellar coronagraph using the principle of achromatic null-interferometer

In order to observe exoplanets we propose a space-based achromatic stellar coronagraph combined with a 0.8–1.5 m telescope. We develop an achromatic common path interferometer for observing an exoplanet (a faint off-axis source) on the background of a hoste star (bright axial source). An image of the star and its copy acquire an achromatic phase shift by 180° and interfere in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is caused by geometric phase in the scheme of a three-dimensional interferometer. The interference process divides spatially the dark and light fields of the star image redirecting them to the opposite sides of a beam splitter. The interference process does not weaken the image of a planet, with equal intensities it is redirected to both sides of a beam splitter. The suggested scheme of common path interferometer ensures mechanical stability. The background signal is experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by six orders of magnitude.