航图教学模式探索与实践

通过对航图课程的特点和学习方法进行分析,从学生和教师两方面出发,探讨了理论+实践教学实施的过程,提出了充分利用航图资料、模拟飞行实验室和JeppView软件等多种可用的教学资源,采取实践教学和因材施教相结合的手段,合理整合教学资源,调整教学内容,改革考核方式的几点建议。     

一种火星进入段在线脱敏轨迹设计方法

为降低轨迹求解难度,提升脱敏制导的适应性,针对火星进入段提出一种在线脱敏轨迹设计方法.首先,采用预测的末端航程偏差和状态敏感度作为性能指标,利用该指标为倾侧角凸函数的特性将最优求解问题转换为简单的动态寻优过程;其次,结合任务要求和估计的进入点状态,通过迭代得到同时满足航程和横程要求的三自由度脱敏轨迹.仿真表明该方法可达到与现有脱敏设计相近的末端状态精度.     

一种多场耦合数据传递新方法

针对当前数据传递应用中径向基函数存在的问题,提出一种基于几何尺度进行归一化的高超声速飞行器多场耦合数据传递新方法,并采用高超声速翼面和翼身组合体外形算例测试了该方法对径向基函数数据传递精度、效率以及通量守恒性带来的影响。研究结果表明该方法能够很好地提升TPS、MQ和紧支C 2三种常用基函数的插值精度和通量守恒性,尤以紧支C 2基函数提升效果最明显,使其能够用极少的点即达到TPS和MQ全域基函数的效果,实现了数据传递时效率、精度及通量守恒性的兼顾,在多场耦合数值模拟中具备较好的应用前景。     

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

空间相机隔振系统的优化方法

为了减小卫星发射和在轨阶段的振动对空间相机成像品质的影响,文章对空间相机隔振系统的建模和优化方法进行了研究。使用复刚度模型表示隔振器,用拉格朗日方法建立系统动力学方程。选用了系统质心位置的加速度和转角的均方根值作为目标函数,采用多目标优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ在随机振动条件下对隔振系统的进行优化。优化结果给出了隔振系统的刚度系数和耗散系数的最优解集。根据某空间遥感器的实例计算出一组最优隔振器参数,验证了这种优化方法的可行性。这个最优解的集合可以作为隔振系统结构选型和初始设计的输入条件,提高隔振器前期优化设计的效率和计算的准确性。     

航天器环境试验基线与剪裁技术:第三部分 试验基线剪裁

文章介绍了航天器环境试验基线剪裁的原理、剪裁要求和剪裁流程,分析了航天器风险特点、试验基线剪裁的依据和对象,研究了剪裁总要求、对通用试验要求标准和对具体型号试验要求文件的剪裁、以及剪裁的风险,讨论了国外试验基线剪裁示例。     

一种基于ZigBee无线网络项目教学平台的构建

针对高职"通信技术课程"教学的需要,设计一种基于Zig Bee无线网络项目教学平台,采用CC2530射频芯片。教学平台研发包括三部分,硬件环境的设计,软件环境的搭建,教学项目资源的开发,教学平台应用于实践教学中可以提高学生工程开发能力。     

火星进入段纵向脱敏局限性分析与三自由度脱敏设计

针对火星进入段制导存在的“进入状态偏差”问题进行脱敏轨迹设计研究,以增强制导鲁棒特性,提升末端状态精度。首先分析倾侧角反转逻辑对弱机动能力航天器制导精度的影响,结果表明, 存在倾侧角调整性能约束时,反转逻辑会引起末端状态偏差并使系统对进入状态偏差敏感度上升,当制导采用现有纵向脱敏方法时其影响尤为突出,会导致严重失效问题;然后在解决敏感度传播奇异问题的基础上提出三自由度脱敏设计。其主要思路是轨迹优化中采用三自由度动力学方程,而敏感度罚项仍由纵向敏感度传播方程得出。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明本文方法对进入状态偏差具有显著增强的鲁棒性能。     

火星探测任务对环境模拟技术的需求展望

火星探测是深空探测的重点领域,任务特点决定了火星探测器发射前必须在地面进行各种验证试验。随着火星探测任务的持续深入开展将对环境模拟技术提出新的需求。文章在回顾了人类火星探测的历程之后,展望了未来火星探测任务的可能形式,分析了各种环境的地面模拟方法、试验技术所遇到的新挑战,并给出了建议。