Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

民用飞机发动机反推力装置作动系统的应用研究

首先对民用飞机发动机反推力装置的出现、作用、工作原理以及最新的发展趋势进行了简要而系统的阐述。对液压反推力装置作动系统和电反推力装置作动系统的构架和控制原理进行权衡分析,阐述了其在研制中应该注意的问题和考虑的因素,并对今后工作的开展提出了意见。     

Variations of ionospheric total electron content before three strong earthquakes in the Qinghai-Tibet region

We investigate the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies occurred in the Qinghai-Tibet region before three large earthquakes (M > 7.0). The temporal and spatial TEC variations were used to detect the ionospheric possible precursors of these earthquakes. We identified two TEC enhancements in the afternoon local time 9 days and 2–3 days before each earthquake, between which a TEC decrement occurred 3–6 days before earthquakes. These anomalies happened in the area of about 30° in latitude and the maximum is localized equatorward from the epicenters. These TEC anomalies can be found in all three earthquakes regardless the geomagnetic conditions. The features of these anomalies have something in common and may have differences from those caused by geomagnetic storms. Our results suggest that these ionospheric TEC perturbations may be precursors of the large earthquakes.     

Control of approach and landing phase for reentry vehicle using fuzzy logic

The reentry vehicle is affected by various disturbances such as a wind gust, atmospheric condition or aerodynamic problems in the approach and landing phase. Therefore it is necessary to design a robust control scheme. This paper presents a control scheme using Mamdani fuzzy PD controller. In this paper, the reference trajectories are generated using geometric parameters for disturbed circumstances with 4 cases: nominal, headwind and tailwind, drag increased case. Then, a Mamdani fuzzy PD controller was designed in this study. Twenty-five rules were applied in the knowledge-based system. The max–min method for a fuzzy inference system and the center-of-mass method in defuzzification were used. Finally, guidance and control simulations are performed for verification of proposed controller using generated reference trajectories. In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation is performed considering various disturbances. The results show that proposed Mamdani fuzzy PD controller has reliability and robustness for control of reentry vehicle with wind disturbance in the approach and landing phases.     

扩展型面排孔气膜冷却的实验研究

本文设计了三种型面的气膜孔扩展结构,研究了气膜冷却效率、壁面换热系数及流量系数随吹风比的变化规律。研究结果表明,与典型的圆柱形气膜孔相比,有后向扩展型面的气膜孔具有相对较高的冷却效率和换热系数,流量系数略有降低。扩展型面的流向扩展角α对冷却效率和换热系数的影响大于侧向扩展角 的影响。侧向扩展角 只在特定吹风比下才对提高气膜的侧向覆盖率、进而提高气膜冷却效率起作用,它使得位于二次流出流下游的低压区域范围增大,流量系数减小。     

基于分层介质模型的HF雷达高度计火星回波仿真研究

火星次表层中的水探测是当前深空探测领域中的热门问题之一. 高频(HF)雷达高度计具有较强的穿透能力, 且能同时实现距离和功率测量, 是火星次表层探测的重要手段. 介绍了高频雷达高度计系统的原理和设计, 通过分析高度计电磁脉冲与多层光滑介质之间的相互作用, 得出其回波功 率随时间变化的模型, 并考虑了表面粗糙度对表面回波功率的影响. 选用典型的火星分层介质模型, 对其介电常数特性和高度计回波波形 进行了仿真. 仿真结果表明, 采用高频雷达高度计系统可实现对火星次表 层介电特性垂直廓线的反演, 对火星中水的识别具有重要 作用.     

舱内航天服散热途径分析

为分析常压下航天员穿着舱内航天服时的散热性能,６名健康男性青年按二次复合设计分组共进行２４人次试验,经分析计算了获得了服装各散热途径的散热率随通风气源参数及人体活动水平变化的数学模型。对影响服装散热性能的因素及服装散热特性进行了分析讨论。     

一种用于液晶曝光中的激光检测系统

介绍了一种非接触式激光检测系统,可用于检测液晶曝光中液晶模板与基板之间的间隙,给出了该种系统的测量原理、硬件系统、信号处理方法、测量结果、分辨力和误差分析,并指出了这种测量系统的应用。     

Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft

Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8?km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4?km) and integral control scheme (5.8?km).     

飞机座舱热力特性的数值模拟研究

确定飞机座舱热力特性是座舱结构和环境控制系统设计的重要内容,采用数值方法研究座舱内空气微环境参数随座舱结构参数、空调系统供气参数的变化规律,并与实验研究进行了对比。