航天器近地空间环境效应综述

空间环境是影响航天器飞行的重要因素之一。文章在总结近地空间环境含义的基础上,按形成因素对近地空间环境进行分类,并详细分析了辐射环境、摄动环境、磁场环境、等离子体环境、微流星体和冷黑环境及其对近地空间航天器的效应。     

FPGA实现高速全并行DFT／IDFT处理器的设计

文章介绍了采用Xilinx公司的Virtex4系列FPGA设计高速接收机中的DFWIDFT处理器的实现方法及技巧。充分利用Virtex4芯片的硬件资源,减少复杂逻辑,采用流水方式对复数数据实现了数字下变频、加窗、DFT、滤波、IDFT等运算。整个设计采用流水与并行方式,尽量避免瓶颈的出现,提高系统时钟频率,达到高速处理,满足高速解调的要求。     

模拟过载条件下EPDM绝热材料烧蚀模型(Ⅱ)——考虑炭层孔隙结构的颗粒侵蚀模型

分析不同颗粒冲刷状态下三元乙丙绝热材料炭化层的微观结构,确定炭化层为疏松多孔介质,整体结构为致密/疏松结构.颗粒侵蚀作用分为颗粒机械破坏和颗粒热增量,根据不同冲刷状态炭化层结构形态建立颗粒机械破坏模型;通过实验测试确定颗粒热增量模型.根据气相沉积原理拟合炭化层中致密结构,将颗粒侵蚀模型与考虑炭层孔隙结构的热化学烧蚀模型...     

基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法

针对常规模糊度检验三步法中存在的错误模糊度整数解漏检的情况,分析了错误整周模糊度、观测值残差及多余观测分量矩阵之间的内在联系,阐述了参考星变化对多余观测分量矩阵主对角线元素的影响,进而提出了一种基于多余观测分量的整周模糊度可靠性检验方法。该方法根据多余观测分量主对角线占优原则实现部分卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。对于多余观测分量主对角线不占优的卫星,利用多余观测分量绝对值最大的情况进行整周模糊度可靠性检验,从而完成所有卫星的模糊度可靠性检验。     

拉瓦尔型微喷管性能的DSMC模拟

运用DSMC方法,对轴对称拉瓦尔型微喷管流动现象进行了仿真模拟,分析了不同壁面边界条件对喷管流动性能的影响。研究结果表明,不同的壁面反射模型对喷管内的流场结构及推力有较大影响;在同等壁面热条件下,随着动量调节系数的增加,喷管粘性损失增大,喷管的推力和比冲都将下降;对不同光滑度与清洁度的喷管表面,一概采用完全漫反射模型,将低估喷管推力性能。     

等离子体环境下圆柱开槽天线特性的研究

本文用磁流体力学的方法研究了等离子体环境下圆柱体开槽天线的辐射问题,推导了槽天线的方向图和阻抗的计算公式,计算了不同等离子体参量的横槽的方向图,并且把计算的结果与用不考虑纵波影响的复介电常数方法得到的结果进行了比较。     

Enhanced multipath mitigation method based on multi-resolution CNR model and adaptive statistical test strategy for real-time kinematic PPP

This study proposes an enhanced multipath mitigation method based on multi-resolution carrier-to-noise-ratio (CNR) model and adaptive statistical test strategy for real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) applications. The multi-resolution CNR model is established with GPS observation data collected from DOY 152 to 181 of 2019 by 230 globally distributed IGS stations, which used to analyze the relevant factors affecting CNR. Statistical results indicate that the CNR is not only related to the satellite elevation, but also closely related to the receiver types and specific satellite. The maximum difference between different receivers can reach 20 dB for the same satellite at the same elevation. In addition, the performance of the CNR is also obviously different between each satellite, and the maximum difference between different satellites is about 10 dB for the same receiver at the same elevation. Hence, in terms of the method which is based on CNR information for multipath detection and mitigation, the independence of receiver types, satellite and frequency must be considered. With the above analysis, this study developed a multi-resolution CNR model based on different receiver types, different satellites and different elevation firstly. Then, combined with the adaptive statistical test strategy which is based on the difference of CNR between inter-frequency and the difference of CNR between adjacent epochs, the multipath can be detected effectively. For the epoch which affected by multipath, the down-weighted strategy based on CNR is adopted to mitigate the influence of multipath on positioning. Real-time kinematic PPP data are collected to assess the proposed method, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect the multipath effectively, and the detection rate can reach 90.28%. Moreover, after adopting the mitigation strategy, the RMS bias of the east, north and up components are improved about 19.95%, 17.89% and 23.07% compared to the original results, respectively. It is worth noting that this proposed method is also suitable for other GNSS, such as GLONASS and BDS, but the corresponding CNR model must be established simultaneously.     

Analysis of precipitable water vapour characteristics from GNSS measurements during the snow season in Liaoning Province,China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing precipitable water vapour (PWV) data from November 2015 to March 2019 were combined with snowfall observation data and used to analyse PWV characteristics in Liaoning Province during the snow season (from November to March the following year) and their relationship with snowfall. The potential of using GNSS for PWV measurements was demonstrated using sounding data with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 and a mean bias error lower than 0.5 mm. According to the GNSS PWV data gathered at 30-min intervals from 68 GNSS stations in Liaoning during the snow season, the monthly PWV average was highest in November and lowest in January. Negative correlations were found between PWV and altitude. Most of the water vapour was concentrated in the low layer of the atmosphere, and the contribution of this vapour to the PWV was higher during the snow season than in summer. A total of 43 snow cases were identified using the snowfall records from 53 GNSS stations, and the characteristics of PWV during these snowfalls were analysed. An increase in PWV was observed before snowfall events. Moreover, the influence of synoptic systems and air mass origins on PWV was analysed based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results show that the water vapour condition was better when the synoptic systems or air masses came from areas south of Liaoning.     

涂覆吸波材料圆柱的RCS预估方法

用缩比模型测量结果预估是研制阶段获得大尺寸目标雷达散射截面（RCS）的常用方法,但根据经典电磁相似理论,严格满足缩比条件的涂覆吸波材料缩比目标测量难以实现。针对涂覆吸波材料缩比目标的RCS预估问题,提出了采用多元对数线性回归模型的预估方法。设计了2组圆柱模型,在微波暗室中对缩比因子分别为1、2、4、8的2组模型进行了测试。在完成角度矫正等数据预处理基础上,将缩比模型RCS数据作为训练集代入模型当中求得参数,对原模型的RCS进行预估并与实际实测数据进行对比分析。结果表明:所提方法预估数据与实测数据曲线拟合度较好,相较于传统平方率模型,误差下降了3~5 dB,在回归模型中加入吸波材料因子后误差进一步下降了0.3~0.8 dB。      

线阵CCD交汇测量系统结构布局的优化设计

介绍了由两个线阵ＣＣＤ所组成的交汇测量系统的基本原理,分析了有效视场、坐标测量误差和系统结构参数之间的关系。由仿真研究表明,当给定有效视场的大小及各结构参数的测量误差值时,可寻求系统最优结构布局,使坐标测量误差最小。