钛合金表面镍包石墨喷涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高钛合金的表面耐磨性,利用氧乙炔热喷涂枪,在TC4合金表面上制备出镍包石墨涂层。采用MXP-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损实验机,进行钛合金及其镍包石墨涂层的干摩擦磨损实验,并利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析。实验结果发现,镍包石墨涂层的摩擦系数只有钛合金的一半左右,前者磨损量为后者的1/6,说明镍包石墨涂层可以大大提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能。TC4合金的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,喷涂层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,喷涂层中的石墨润滑相是其耐磨性高的主要原因。     

小鹰-500飞机疲劳试验载荷谱的编制方法

针对小鹰500飞机的设计和使用特点，选用了FAA推荐的通用飞机实测载荷谱数据，按照民机的TWIST编谱原则编制出用重心过载表示的“飞-续-飞”随机疲劳试验载荷谱，用于小鹰-500飞机机翼疲劳试验，并参照国外文献中有关尾翼载荷谱的保守处理方法，采用了从重心载荷谱计算出配套平衡的平尾机动载荷，将其幅值放大1.2倍和频次放大3倍的做法，编制出了平尾疲劳试验载荷谱。     

机内测试虚警分析和控制

现代飞行器广泛采用机内测试(Built-intest,BIT)技术,以便对其内部故障进行自动检测、诊断和隔离,但是常规BIT面临诊断能力不足和诊断模糊性等问题,导致BIT虚警率高,难以有效发挥其应有的作用.本文论述了BIT虚警的基本理论、虚警的危害及现状,并从BIT虚警产生的原因分析入手,提出了解决虚警问题的一些方法和措施.     

航空发动机反推力装置安装座断裂分析

在某发动机反推力装置整机试验过程中,1处作动筒安装座发生断裂。为确定故障原因,对断裂安装座进行宏观检查、断口分析、材质分析及有限元分析等。结果表明:安装座前侧安装边棱边与座身转接处首先发生高周疲劳断裂,该处断裂后造成构件结构失稳,在试验载荷的进一步作用下导致另外2个安装边发生瞬时断裂;疲劳源区存在的缩孔缺陷导致该处产生应力集中,对安装座过早疲劳开裂有促进作用;合金成分中Cu元素含量超标导致组织中析出大量θ脆性相,从而降低了合金强度,这也是安装座过早疲劳开裂的原因。对铸造工艺和无损检测工序提出了改进建议以避免此类故障再次发生。     

基于视觉注意机制的认知雷达数据关联算法

针对传统关联波门设计方法在应用于机动目标跟踪时容易引起失跟、以及概率数据关联算法不适于多交叉目标跟踪的问题,提出了一种基于人类视觉选择性注意机制和知觉客体的"特征整合"理论的认知雷达数据关联算法。算法以综合交互式多模型概率数据关联算法为基础,采取假设目标最大机动水平已知的"当前"统计模型和匀速运动模型作为模型集,通过实时交互使关联波门能够随目标机动动态调整,较好地兼顾了雷达计算耗时和跟踪成功率。在利用目标位置特征的基础上,进一步提取、整合目标运动特征,对关联波门交叉区域公共量测进行分类,使多交叉目标跟踪问题转化为多个单目标跟踪问题,优化了传统概率数据关联算法。仿真结果表明：与传统关联波门设计方法相比,算法跟踪失败率和计算耗时明显降低;而且在计算资源增加不大的情况下,杂波环境适应性也得到了显著增强。     

水平导航中转弯航线解算方法的研究和仿真

在飞机显示器的水平导航区域上需要为飞行员实时显示最新的航线信息,航线中的每个航路点均有不同的转弯方式,目前国内正在研发的飞机采用旁切转弯和飞越转弯两种方式,若错过了预计的转弯起始点,则需要重新进行航线解算,这被定义为超调转弯,给出三类转弯航线的解算方法。     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

不同黏度树脂基复合材料软模成型设计与缺陷控制

根据碳纤维表面形貌与两种环氧树脂黏度特性,确定复合材料合适的固化压力。针对两种环氧树脂的黏度差异,比较膨胀压力设计及固化工艺优化方法。结果表明:高黏度环氧树脂体系的软模膨胀成型工艺适应性更好,固化周期缩短13. 6%,凝胶压力设计温度(135±5)℃能够保证产品内部质量,固化温度(170±5)℃降低产品变形风险,支撑梁构件缺陷比例0. 5%,满足航天结构复合材料质量控制新常态的要求。     

GH3044合金堵盖高温氧化机理研究

为了研究固体推进剂燃气对GH3044合金堵盖的作用机理,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度测试仪等手段对GH3044合金堵盖的孔洞进行测试与分析。结果显示:在氧化性气氛下,GH3044合金出现了沿晶界的择优氧化,形成了楔形裂纹,在热应力及氧化物长大的膨胀应力作用下发生剥落并最终形成喇叭形的烧蚀孔洞;其中,燃气中的金属氧化物(PbO)沿晶界与基体中的Ni发生氧化还原反应,形成低熔点的Pb-Ni共晶,进一步加剧了GH3044合金的高温氧化。     

Two-Way-Coupling Method for Rapid Aerothermoelastic Analyses of Hypersonic Wings

Several types of coupling methods for resolving aerothermoelastic problems associated with hypersonic wings are summarized,and the appropriate coupling methods for engineering calculations are selected.Then,the calculation and analysis methods for the subdisciplines in this field are introduced,and the time step issue is discussed.A two-way-coupling rapid static aerothermoelastic method for analyzing hypersonic wings is proposed.This method considers thermal effects and is used to conduct an aerothermoelastic response analysis for a hypersonic wing.In addition,the aerodynamic force,heat flux,structural deformation and temperature field are obtained.The following three conclusions are drawn.First,the heating effect has a significant impact on the static aeroelastic response of hypersonic wings;therefore,thermal protection shields are essential.Second,the application of thermal protection shields reduces the differences in the calculation results between the one-and two-way-coupling methods.Third,hypersonic wings exhibit large thermal deformation under high-temperature environments,and in certain cases,the thermal deformation is even larger than the deformation caused by aerodynamic force.